Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia.
Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 20;24(4):4200. doi: 10.3390/ijms24044200.
The immuno-compatibility of implant materials is a key issue for both initial and long-term implant integration. Ceramic implants have several advantages that make them highly promising for long-term medical solutions. These beneficial characteristics include such things as the material availability, possibility to manufacture various shapes and surface structures, osteo-inductivity and osteo-conductivity, low level of corrosion and general biocompatibility. The immuno-compatibility of an implant essentially depends on the interaction with local resident immune cells and, first of all, macrophages. However, in the case of ceramics, these interactions are insufficiently understood and require intensive experimental examinations. Our review summarizes the state of the art in variants of ceramic implants: mechanical properties, different chemical modifications of the basic material, surface structures and modifications, implant shapes and porosity. We collected the available information about the interaction of ceramics with the immune system and highlighted the studies that reported ceramic-specific local or systemic effects on the immune system. We disclosed the gaps in knowledge and outlined the perspectives for the identification to ceramic-specific interactions with the immune system using advanced quantitative technologies. We discussed the approaches for ceramic implant modification and pointed out the need for data integration using mathematic modelling of the multiple ceramic implant characteristics and their contribution for long-term implant bio- and immuno-compatibility.
植入材料的免疫相容性是初始和长期植入体整合的关键问题。陶瓷植入物具有多种优势，使其非常有希望成为长期医疗解决方案。这些有益的特性包括材料可用性、制造各种形状和表面结构的可能性、成骨诱导性和引导性、低腐蚀水平和普遍的生物相容性。植入物的免疫相容性主要取决于与局部常驻免疫细胞的相互作用，首先是巨噬细胞。然而，就陶瓷而言，这些相互作用还不够了解，需要进行深入的实验研究。我们的综述总结了陶瓷植入物的最新研究进展：机械性能、基本材料的不同化学修饰、表面结构和修饰、植入物形状和孔隙率。我们收集了有关陶瓷与免疫系统相互作用的现有信息，并突出了报道陶瓷对免疫系统具有局部或全身特异性影响的研究。我们揭示了知识空白，并概述了使用先进的定量技术确定陶瓷与免疫系统的特异性相互作用的前景。我们讨论了陶瓷植入物改性的方法，并指出需要使用数学模型对多个陶瓷植入物特性及其对长期植入物生物和免疫相容性的贡献进行数据整合。
