Indika Neluwa-Liyanage R, Frye Richard E, Rossignol Daniel A, Owens Susan C, Senarathne Udara D, Grabrucker Andreas M, Perera Rasika, Engelen Marielle P K J, Deutz Nicolaas E P
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka.
Autism Discovery and Research Foundation, Phoenix, AZ 85050, USA.
J Pers Med. 2023 Jan 29;13(2):252. doi: 10.3390/jpm13020252.
Children with autism spectrum disorder may exhibit nutritional deficiencies due to reduced intake, genetic variants, autoantibodies interfering with vitamin transport, and the accumulation of toxic compounds that consume vitamins. Importantly, vitamins and metal ions are essential for several metabolic pathways and for neurotransmitter functioning. The therapeutic benefits of supplementing vitamins, minerals (Zinc, Magnesium, Molybdenum, and Selenium), and other cofactors (coenzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, and tetrahydrobiopterin) are mediated through their cofactor as well as non-cofactor functions. Interestingly, some vitamins can be safely administered at levels far above the dose typically used to correct the deficiency and exert effects beyond their functional role as enzyme cofactors. Moreover, the interrelationships between these nutrients can be leveraged to obtain synergistic effects using combinations. The present review discusses the current evidence for using vitamins, minerals, and cofactors in autism spectrum disorder, the rationale behind their use, and the prospects for future use.
患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童可能会因摄入量减少、基因变异、干扰维生素运输的自身抗体以及消耗维生素的有毒化合物的积累而出现营养缺乏。重要的是，维生素和金属离子对多种代谢途径和神经递质功能至关重要。补充维生素、矿物质（锌、镁、钼和硒）以及其他辅助因子（辅酶Q10、α-硫辛酸和四氢生物蝶呤）的治疗益处是通过它们的辅助因子功能以及非辅助因子功能介导的。有趣的是，一些维生素可以以远高于通常用于纠正缺乏的剂量安全给药，并发挥超出其作为酶辅助因子的功能作用的效果。此外，这些营养素之间的相互关系可以通过组合利用来获得协同效应。本综述讨论了在自闭症谱系障碍中使用维生素、矿物质和辅助因子的现有证据、其使用背后的原理以及未来使用的前景。
