Li Zhangqun, Liu Junnan, Ma Wenting, Li Xiaofang
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
Life (Basel). 2023 Jan 18;13(2):268. doi: 10.3390/life13020268.
In interactions between pathogens and plants, pathogens secrete many molecules that facilitate plant infection, and some of these compounds are recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which induce immune responses. Molecules in both pathogens and plants that trigger immune responses in plants are termed elicitors. On the basis of their chemical content, elicitors can be classified into carbohydrates, lipopeptides, proteinaceous compounds and other types. Although many studies have focused on the involvement of elicitors in plants, especially on pathophysiological changes induced by elicitors in plants and the mechanisms mediating these changes, there is a lack of up-to-date reviews on the characteristics and functions of proteinaceous elicitors. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the up-to-date knowledge on several important families of pathogenic proteinaceous elicitors (i.e., harpins, necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (nep1)-like proteins (NLPs) and elicitins), focusing mainly on their structures, characteristics and effects on plants, specifically on their roles in plant immune responses. A solid understanding of elicitors may be helpful to decrease the use of agrochemicals in agriculture and gardening, generate more resistant germplasms and increase crop yields.
在病原体与植物的相互作用中，病原体分泌许多促进植物感染的分子，其中一些化合物被植物模式识别受体（PRR）识别，从而诱导免疫反应。在病原体和植物中能够触发植物免疫反应的分子被称为激发子。根据其化学组成，激发子可分为碳水化合物、脂肽、蛋白质类化合物和其他类型。尽管许多研究聚焦于激发子在植物中的作用，特别是激发子在植物中引起的病理生理变化以及介导这些变化的机制，但目前缺乏关于蛋白质类激发子的特性和功能的最新综述。在本综述中，我们概述了几种重要的致病性蛋白质类激发子家族（即harpin蛋白、坏死和乙烯诱导肽1（Nep1）样蛋白（NLP）和激发素）的最新知识，主要关注它们的结构、特性以及对植物的影响，特别是它们在植物免疫反应中的作用。深入了解激发子可能有助于减少农业和园艺中农用化学品的使用，培育出更具抗性的种质并提高作物产量。
