Asyraf Muhammad Rizal Muhammad, Rafidah Mazlan, Madenci Emrah, Özkılıç Yasin Onuralp, Aksoylu Ceyhun, Razman Muhammad Rizal, Ramli Zuliskandar, Zakaria Sharifah Zarina Syed, Khan Tabrej
Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Feb 20;16(4):1747. doi: 10.3390/ma16041747.
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been selected as an alternative to conventional wooden timber cross arms. The advantages of FRP composites include a high strength-to-weight ratio, lightweight, ease of production, as well as optimal mechanical performance. Since a non-conductive cross arm structure is exposed to constant loading for a very long time, creep is one of the main factors that cause structural failure. In this state, the structure experiences creep deformation, which can result in serviceability problems, stress redistribution, pre-stress loss, and the failure of structural elements. These issues can be resolved by assessing the creep trends and properties of the structure, which can forecast its serviceability and long-term mechanical performance. Hence, the principles, approaches, and characteristics of creep are used to comprehend and analyse the behaviour of wood and composite cantilever structures under long-term loads. The development of appropriate creep methods and approaches to non-conductive cross arm construction is given particular attention in this literature review, including suitable mitigation strategies such as sleeve installation, the addition of bracing systems, and the inclusion of cross arm beams in the core structure. Thus, this article delivers a state-of-the-art review of creep properties, as well as an analysis of non-conductive cross arm structures using experimental approaches. Additionally, this review highlights future developments and progress in cross arm studies.
纤维增强聚合物（FRP）复合材料已被选为传统木质横担的替代品。FRP复合材料的优点包括高强度重量比、轻质、易于生产以及最佳的机械性能。由于非导电横担结构长时间承受恒定载荷，蠕变是导致结构失效的主要因素之一。在这种状态下，结构会经历蠕变变形，这可能导致适用性问题、应力重新分布、预应力损失以及结构元件的失效。通过评估结构的蠕变趋势和特性可以解决这些问题，这可以预测其适用性和长期机械性能。因此，利用蠕变的原理、方法和特性来理解和分析木材和复合材料悬臂结构在长期载荷下的行为。在这篇文献综述中，特别关注了适用于非导电横担结构的蠕变方法和途径的发展，包括合适的缓解策略，如套管安装、添加支撑系统以及在核心结构中包含横担梁。因此，本文对蠕变特性进行了最新综述，并使用实验方法对非导电横担结构进行了分析。此外，本综述突出了横担研究的未来发展和进展。
