Kiss Helga, Örlős Zoltán, Gellért Áron, Megyesfalvi Zsolt, Mikáczó Angéla, Sárközi Anna, Vaskó Attila, Miklós Zsuzsanna, Horváth Ildikó
National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Koranyi F Street 1, 1121 Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Micromachines (Basel). 2023 Feb 4;14(2):391. doi: 10.3390/mi14020391.
Cancers, chronic diseases and respiratory infections are major causes of mortality and present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for health care. There is an unmet medical need for non-invasive, easy-to-use biomarkers for the early diagnosis, phenotyping, predicting and monitoring of the therapeutic responses of these disorders. Exhaled breath sampling is an attractive choice that has gained attention in recent years. Exhaled nitric oxide measurement used as a predictive biomarker of the response to anti-eosinophil therapy in severe asthma has paved the way for other exhaled breath biomarkers. Advances in laser and nanosensor technologies and spectrometry together with widespread use of algorithms and artificial intelligence have facilitated research on volatile organic compounds and artificial olfaction systems to develop new exhaled biomarkers. We aim to provide an overview of the recent advances in and challenges of exhaled biomarker measurements with an emphasis on the applicability of their measurement as a non-invasive, point-of-care diagnostic and monitoring tool.
癌症、慢性病和呼吸道感染是主要死因，给医疗保健带来了诊断和治疗方面的挑战。对于这些疾病的早期诊断、表型分析、预测和治疗反应监测，目前存在对非侵入性、易用生物标志物的未满足医疗需求。呼气采样是近年来受到关注的一个有吸引力的选择。呼出一氧化氮测量作为重症哮喘中抗嗜酸性粒细胞治疗反应的预测生物标志物，为其他呼出气体生物标志物铺平了道路。激光和纳米传感器技术以及光谱学的进步，再加上算法和人工智能的广泛应用，推动了挥发性有机化合物和人工嗅觉系统的研究，以开发新的呼出气体生物标志物。我们旨在概述呼出气体生物标志物测量的最新进展和挑战，重点强调其作为非侵入性即时诊断和监测工具的测量适用性。
