Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Nutrients. 2023 Feb 5;15(4):820. doi: 10.3390/nu15040820.
The effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) on anthropometric indices, the lipid profile, and the benefits of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) as an inhibitor of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in obese women were investigated in this study. From January to March 2021, 23 obese adult women ( = 23) with an average age of 35.30 years and BMI of 33.96 kg/m followed a KD. Instructions for the KD were given to eligible participants, with a typical plan and a menu for all the main meals, snacks, and drinks permitted over seven days. They were also free to change meals according to their preferences provided that they followed the plan. The participants attended six times throughout the intervention for measurements of their anthropometric indices, BHB levels, interleukin-1beta (1L-1β) levels, and completion of a questionnaire (pre-intervention, mid-intervention, and post-intervention). Following the KD caused significant weight loss, a reduction in waist circumference and BHB levels, as well as a reduction in BMI and appetite. Cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased slightly. However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum increased significantly ( < 0.05), and 1L-1β decreased significantly ( < 0.0001). The results show that the KD effectively encouraged weight loss and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. Based on the questionnaire results, it was found that a variety of physical symptoms, including overall energy, physical activity, mood, sleep, focus, skin conditions, and menstruation, had significantly improved.
本研究旨在探讨生酮饮食（KD）对肥胖女性人体测量指标、血脂谱以及酮体β-羟丁酸（BHB）作为 NOD 样受体含吡喃结构域蛋白 3（NLRP3）炎性体抑制剂的作用。2021 年 1 月至 3 月，23 名平均年龄 35.30 岁、BMI 为 33.96kg/m2 的肥胖成年女性（n=23）遵循 KD。向符合条件的参与者提供 KD 说明，包括一周内所有主餐、零食和饮料的典型计划和菜单。只要他们遵循计划，他们也可以根据自己的喜好更改饮食。在干预期间，参与者共就诊六次，以测量人体测量指标、BHB 水平、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平，并完成问卷（干预前、干预中和干预后）。KD 后，体重明显减轻，腰围和 BHB 水平降低，BMI 和食欲降低。胆固醇、甘油三酯（TG）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）略有增加。然而，血清中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）显著增加（<0.05），IL-1β显著降低（<0.0001）。结果表明，KD 能有效促进体重减轻和 NLRP3 炎性体抑制。根据问卷结果，发现多种身体症状，包括整体能量、身体活动、情绪、睡眠、注意力、皮肤状况和月经，均有明显改善。
