Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Immunology. 2023 Jul;169(3):260-270. doi: 10.1111/imm.13634. Epub 2023 Mar 27.
The cell surface antigen CD14 is primarily understood to act as a co-receptor for toll-like receptors (TLRs) to activate innate immunity responses to pathogens and tissue injury in macrophages and monocytes. However, roles for CD14 are increasingly being uncovered in disease responses in epithelial and endothelial cells. Consistent with these broader functions, CD14 expression is altered in a variety of non-immune cell types in response to a several of disease states. Moreover, soluble CD14 activated by factors from both pathogens and tissue damage may initiate signalling in a variety of non-immune cells. This review examined the current understanding CD14 in innate immunity as well as its potential functions in nonimmune cells and associated human diseases.
细胞表面抗原 CD14 主要被认为是 Toll 样受体 (TLRs) 的共受体，可激活巨噬细胞和单核细胞对病原体和组织损伤的固有免疫反应。然而，CD14 的作用在 上皮细胞和内皮细胞的疾病反应中越来越被揭示。与这些更广泛的功能一致，CD14 在多种非免疫细胞类型中对几种疾病状态的反应中发生改变。此外，病原体和组织损伤产生的因子激活的可溶性 CD14 可能在多种非免疫细胞中引发信号转导。本综述探讨了目前对固有免疫中 CD14 的认识，以及其在非免疫细胞中的潜在功能及其与人类疾病的关系。
