Comprehensive analysis through multi-omics integration to compare and elucidate the specific substances in milk of donkey、horse、camel、human and pig.

Featured milk generally refers to less common dairy products with unique sources or specific nutritional components and functional characteristics. We used omics methods to study the lipids, metabolites, and proteins in donkey milk, mare milk, and camel milk and compared them with human milk and pig milk. The phospholipid content in camel milk is relatively high. Donkey milk contains metabolites that have potential therapeutic effects on mental disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases. Camel milk exhibits potential neuroprotective effects. Compared with other species, human milk contains more receptor protein-tyrosine kinase and galectin-3-binding protein; camel milk contains more monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 and fibrinogen beta chain; while pig milk contains more aminopeptidase. This research provides a theoretical basis for the application of featured milk in the field of functional foods and other food sectors.