School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2023 May 15;329:113-123. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.089. Epub 2023 Feb 24.
This study investigated the association between household tobacco smoking status and temperament among U.S. 3-5-year-olds.
A secondary analysis of 2019-2020 National Survey of Children's Health data (N = 11,100) was conducted. Temperament dimensions of effortful control (characterized by attention focusing), negative affectivity (characterized by anger and soothability), and surgency (characterized by activity level and shyness) were assessed. Weighted ordinal regression models were conducted while adjusting for child and family covariates.
Approximately 13 % of children lived with smokers. Compared to children who did not live with smokers, children living with smokers displayed behaviors of poorer effortful control and were more likely to be easily distracted (AOR = 1.59, 95%CI = 1.24-2.04) and less likely to keep working on tasks until finished (AOR = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.44-0.71). Children living with smokers displayed behaviors of greater negative affectivity and were at increased odds of being angry or anxious when transitioning between activities (AOR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.13-1.98) and losing their temper when things did not go their way (AOR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.20-1.96), and were at decreased odds of calming down quickly when excited (AOR = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.42-0.70). Children living with smokers displayed behaviors of poorer surgency and were less likely to play well with others (AOR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.45-0.76) and sit still compared to same-aged children (AOR = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.44-0.71).
The NSCH uses a cross-sectional survey design; longitudinal associations and objective measures could not be assessed. However, the NSCH is nationally representative and results are generalizable to U.S. 3-5-year-olds.
Findings suggest household tobacco smoking influences temperament in early childhood. Results signify the need to promote household tobacco cessation.
本研究调查了美国家庭吸烟状况与 3-5 岁儿童气质之间的关系。
对 2019-2020 年全国儿童健康调查（N=11100）数据进行二次分析。评估了努力控制（以注意力集中为特征）、消极情绪（以愤怒和安抚为特征）和易激惹（以活动水平和害羞为特征）三个气质维度。在调整了儿童和家庭协变量后，进行了加权有序回归模型分析。
约 13%的儿童与吸烟者同住。与不与吸烟者同住的儿童相比，与吸烟者同住的儿童表现出努力控制能力较差的行为，更容易分心（OR=1.59，95%CI=1.24-2.04），也更不可能坚持完成任务（OR=0.56，95%CI=0.44-0.71）。与吸烟者同住的儿童表现出更大的消极情绪，在活动之间转换时更容易生气或焦虑（OR=1.50，95%CI=1.13-1.98），当事情不顺利时更容易发脾气（OR=1.53，95%CI=1.20-1.96），当兴奋时也不太可能快速平静下来（OR=0.54，95%CI=0.42-0.70）。与吸烟者同住的儿童表现出较低的易激惹行为，不太可能与同龄人友好相处（OR=0.58，95%CI=0.45-0.76），也不太可能久坐（OR=0.56，95%CI=0.44-0.71）。
NSCH 使用的是横断面调查设计；无法评估纵向关联和客观测量。然而，NSCH 具有全国代表性，研究结果可推广至美国 3-5 岁儿童。
研究结果表明，家庭吸烟会影响儿童早期的气质。研究结果表明，需要促进家庭戒烟。
