Zhang Yan, Li Jiahong, Tan Junyan, Li Wenbin, Singh Bhupinder Pal, Yang Xunan, Bolan Nanthi, Chen Xin, Xu Song, Bao Yanping, Lv Daofei, Peng Anan, Zhou Yanbo, Wang Hailong
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 May 15;873:162388. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162388. Epub 2023 Feb 24.
Acid rain (AR) causes numerous environmental problems and complex negative effects on plants globally. Many studies have previously reported on direct effects of AR or its depositional substances on plant injury and performance. However, few studies have addressed the indirect effects of AR on plants as mediated by soil microorganisms and the abiotic environment of the soil rhizosphere. The indirect effects (e.g., AR → soil microorganisms→plants) need greater attention, because acidic deposition not only affects the distribution, composition, abundance, function, and activity of plant-associated microorganisms, but also influences the dynamics of some substances in the soil in a way that may be harmful to plants. Therefore, this review not only focused on the direct effects of AR on plant performance, growth, and biomass allocations from a whole-plant perspective, but also addressed the pathway of AR-soil chemical characteristics-plants, which explains how soil solute leaching and acidification by AR will reduce the availability of essential nutrients and increase the availability of heavy metals for plants, affecting carbon and nitrogen cycles. Mainly, we evaluated the AR-soil microorganisms-plants pathway by: 1) synthesizing the potential roles of soil microbes in alleviating soil acidic stress on plants and the adverse effects of AR on plant-associated soil microorganisms; 2) exploring how plant mycorrhizal types affect the detection of AR effect on plants. The meta-analysis showed that the effects of AR-induced pH on leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, and plant root biomass were dependent on plant mycorrhizal types. Some possible reasons for different synergy between mycorrhizal symbiotic types and plants were discussed. Future research relating to the effects of AR on plants should focus on the combined direct and indirect effects to evaluate how AR affects plant performance comprehensively.
酸雨（AR）在全球范围内引发了众多环境问题，并对植物产生复杂的负面影响。此前已有许多研究报道了酸雨或其沉积物质对植物损伤和性能的直接影响。然而，很少有研究探讨酸雨通过土壤微生物和根际土壤非生物环境对植物产生的间接影响。这种间接影响（例如，酸雨→土壤微生物→植物）需要更多关注，因为酸性沉降不仅会影响与植物相关的微生物的分布、组成、丰度、功能和活性，还会以可能对植物有害的方式影响土壤中某些物质的动态。因此，本综述不仅从整株植物的角度关注了酸雨对植物性能、生长和生物量分配的直接影响，还探讨了酸雨-土壤化学特性-植物的途径，该途径解释了酸雨导致的土壤溶质淋溶和酸化如何降低植物必需养分的有效性，并增加植物对重金属的吸收，从而影响碳和氮循环。主要地，我们通过以下方式评估酸雨-土壤微生物-植物途径：1）综合土壤微生物在缓解土壤酸性胁迫对植物的影响以及酸雨对与植物相关的土壤微生物的不利影响方面的潜在作用；2）探究植物菌根类型如何影响对酸雨对植物影响的检测。荟萃分析表明，酸雨诱导的pH值对叶片叶绿素含量、株高和植物根生物量的影响取决于植物菌根类型。讨论了菌根共生类型与植物之间不同协同作用的一些可能原因。未来关于酸雨对植物影响的研究应侧重于直接和间接影响的综合评估，以全面评估酸雨如何影响植物性能。
