Fortier Mélanie, Lemaitre Vincent, Gaudry Alexia, Pawlak Barbara, Driouich Azeddine, Follet-Gueye Marie-Laure, Vicré Maïté
Univ Rouen Normandie, GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, F-76000, Rouen, France.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Feb 9;14:1132132. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132132. eCollection 2023.
Plants have to cope with a myriad of soilborne pathogens that affect crop production and food security. The complex interactions between the root system and microorganisms are determinant for the whole plant health. However, the knowledge regarding root defense responses is limited as compared to the aerial parts of the plant. Immune responses in roots appear to be tissue-specific suggesting a compartmentalization of defense mechanisms in these organs. The root cap releases cells termed root "associated cap-derived cells" (AC-DCs) or "border cells" embedded in a thick mucilage layer forming the root extracellular trap (RET) dedicated to root protection against soilborne pathogens. Pea () is the plant model used to characterize the composition of the RET and to unravel its function in root defense. The objective of this paper is to review modes of action of the RET from pea against diverse pathogens with a special focus on root rot disease caused by , one of the most widely occurring and large-scale pea crop diseases. The RET, at the interface between the soil and the root, is enriched in antimicrobial compounds including defense-related proteins, secondary metabolites, and glycan-containing molecules. More especially arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), a family of plant extracellular proteoglycans belonging to the hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins were found to be particularly present in pea border cells and mucilage. Herein, we discuss the role of RET and AGPs in the interaction between roots and microorganisms and future potential developments for pea crop protection.
植物必须应对大量影响作物产量和粮食安全的土传病原体。根系与微生物之间的复杂相互作用对整株植物的健康起着决定性作用。然而，与植物地上部分相比，关于根系防御反应的知识有限。根系中的免疫反应似乎具有组织特异性，这表明这些器官中防御机制存在分区。根冠释放出称为根“相关帽衍生细胞”（AC-DCs）或“边缘细胞”的细胞，这些细胞嵌入厚厚的黏液层中，形成根系细胞外陷阱（RET），专门用于保护根系免受土传病原体的侵害。豌豆（ ）是用于表征RET组成并阐明其在根系防御中功能的植物模型。本文的目的是综述豌豆RET对多种病原体的作用方式，特别关注由 引起的根腐病，这是最广泛发生且大规模影响豌豆作物的病害之一。位于土壤和根系之间界面的RET富含抗菌化合物，包括与防御相关的蛋白质、次生代谢产物和含聚糖分子。更特别的是，阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白（AGPs），一类属于富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白的植物细胞外蛋白聚糖，被发现特别存在于豌豆边缘细胞和黏液中。在此，我们讨论RET和AGPs在根系与微生物相互作用中的作用以及豌豆作物保护的未来潜在发展。
