College of Teacher Education, University of Cordilleras, Baguio, Philippines.
School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Feb 9;11:1072944. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1072944. eCollection 2023.
With industrialization, urbanization, and modernization, mass sports have entered people's daily lives to maintain their health status. However, less attention has been paid to the heterogeneity and inequality of access to mass sports, especially in developing countries. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect mass sports participation in developing countries represented by China, and explain the changing trends and inequality in the class differentiation and mobility of public sports participation.
The study selected the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data in 2010 and 2018 as the research samples, and used an ordered Probit model and sub-sample regression to analyze the factors and trends of Chinese residents' mass sports participation and the influencing factors. By stratified three-stage probability sampling, the study obtained 4,940 valid responses, including 1,014 in CGSS 2010 and 3926 in CGSS 2018.
First, in terms of social factors, urban residents have a higher frequency of sports participation than rural residents. Second, regarding family factors, residents with higher social classes are more likely to participate in sports than those with lower social classes. Third, in terms of self-induced factors, the elderly are more motivated to exercise than the young. Residents with public-sector jobs, high incomes, and higher education levels are keener to participate in sports. Fourth, residents' mass sports participation rate has generally shown an upward trend over time. Fifth, with time changes, the sports participation rate varies between urban and rural areas, between ethnic minorities and Han ethnic, between old and young age groups, and between higher and lower education levels will continue to shrink, but differences between social classes will further increase over time.
Our analysis demonstrated that hidden inequality existed in accessing mass sports participation in developing countries, and the self-induced characteristics were significantly correlated with the quality of sports participation. Future public sports policies should address the inequity to ensure equal access to affordable qualified personal mass sports.
随着工业化、城市化和现代化的发展，大众体育已经进入人们的日常生活，以保持他们的健康状况。然而，人们对大众体育参与的异质性和不平等关注较少，尤其是在发展中国家。本研究旨在分析以中国为代表的发展中国家大众体育参与的影响因素，并解释公共体育参与的阶级分化和流动性的变化趋势和不平等。
本研究选取了 2010 年和 2018 年的中国综合社会调查（CGSS）数据作为研究样本，采用有序 Probit 模型和子样本回归分析了中国居民大众体育参与的影响因素和变化趋势，以及影响因素。通过分层三阶段概率抽样，本研究获得了 4940 个有效回复，其中 2010 年 CGSS 有 1014 个，2018 年 CGSS 有 3926 个。
首先，在社会因素方面，城市居民的体育参与频率高于农村居民。其次，在家庭因素方面，社会地位较高的居民比社会地位较低的居民更有可能参与体育活动。第三，在自我诱发因素方面，老年人比年轻人更有锻炼的动力。从事公共部门工作、收入较高和受教育程度较高的居民更热衷于参加体育活动。第四，居民的大众体育参与率总体上呈上升趋势。第五，随着时间的推移，城乡之间、少数民族和汉族之间、不同年龄组之间以及不同教育水平之间的体育参与率差异将继续缩小，但社会阶层之间的差异将随着时间的推移进一步扩大。
我们的分析表明，发展中国家大众体育参与存在隐性不平等，自我诱发特征与体育参与质量显著相关。未来的公共体育政策应该解决这种不平等，确保人们能够平等地获得负担得起的合格个人大众体育。
