Demaria Marco, Bertozzi Beatrice, Veronese Nicola, Spelta Francesco, Cava Edda, Tosti Valeria, Piccio Laura, Early Dayna S, Fontana Luigi
European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, Netherlands.
Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
NPJ Aging. 2023 Feb 27;9(1):3. doi: 10.1038/s41514-023-00100-w.
Regular endurance exercise training is an effective intervention for the maintenance of metabolic health and the prevention of many age-associated chronic diseases. Several metabolic and inflammatory factors are involved in the health-promoting effects of exercise training, but regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Cellular senescence-a state of irreversible growth arrest-is considered a basic mechanism of aging. Senescent cells accumulate over time and promote a variety of age-related pathologies from neurodegenerative disorders to cancer. Whether long-term intensive exercise training affect the accumulation of age-associated cellular senescence is still unclear. Here, we show that the classical senescence markers p16 and IL-6 were markedly higher in the colon mucosa of middle-aged and older overweight adults than in young sedentary individuals, but this upregulation was significantly blunted in age-matched endurance runners. Interestingly, we observe a linear correlation between the level of p16 and the triglycerides to HDL ratio, a marker of colon adenoma risk and cardiometabolic dysfunction. Our data suggest that chronic high-volume high-intensity endurance exercise can play a role in preventing the accumulation of senescent cells in cancer-prone tissues like colon mucosa with age. Future studies are warranted to elucidate if other tissues are also affected, and what are the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate the senopreventative effects of different forms of exercise training.
规律的耐力运动训练是维持代谢健康和预防许多与年龄相关的慢性疾病的有效干预措施。运动训练的健康促进作用涉及多种代谢和炎症因子，但其调节机制仍知之甚少。细胞衰老——一种不可逆的生长停滞状态——被认为是衰老的基本机制。衰老细胞会随着时间积累，并促进从神经退行性疾病到癌症等多种与年龄相关的病理变化。长期高强度运动训练是否会影响与年龄相关的细胞衰老的积累仍不清楚。在这里，我们表明，经典衰老标志物p16和白细胞介素-6在中年及老年超重成年人的结肠黏膜中明显高于年轻久坐不动的个体，但在年龄匹配的耐力跑者中，这种上调明显减弱。有趣的是，我们观察到p16水平与甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白比值之间存在线性相关性，甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白比值是结肠腺瘤风险和心脏代谢功能障碍的一个指标。我们的数据表明，长期大量高强度的耐力运动可以在预防衰老细胞随着年龄在结肠黏膜等易患癌症的组织中积累方面发挥作用。未来的研究有必要阐明其他组织是否也会受到影响，以及介导不同形式运动训练的抗衰老作用的分子和细胞机制是什么。
