Singh Veer, Singh Nidhi, Rai Sachchida Nand, Kumar Ashish, Singh Anurag Kumar, Singh Mohan P, Sahoo Ansuman, Shekhar Shashank, Vamanu Emanuel, Mishra Vishal
Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India.
School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Toxics. 2023 Feb 3;11(2):147. doi: 10.3390/toxics11020147.
Urbanization and industrialization are responsible for environmental contamination in the air, water, and soil. These activities also generate large amounts of heavy metal ions in the environment, and these contaminants cause various types of health issues in humans and other animals. Hexavalent chromium, lead, and cadmium are toxic heavy metal ions that come into the environment through several industrial processes, such as tanning, electroplating, coal mining, agricultural activities, the steel industry, and chrome plating. Several physical and chemical methods are generally used for the heavy metal decontamination of wastewater. These methods have some disadvantages, including the generation of secondary toxic sludge and high operational costs. Hence, there is a need to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly method for the removal of heavy metal ions from polluted areas. Biological methods are generally considered eco-friendly and cost-effective. This review focuses on heavy metal contamination, its toxicity, and eco-friendly approaches for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated sites.
城市化和工业化是造成空气、水和土壤环境污染的原因。这些活动还会在环境中产生大量重金属离子，而这些污染物会在人类和其他动物身上引发各类健康问题。六价铬、铅和镉是有毒重金属离子，它们通过多种工业过程进入环境，如制革、电镀、煤矿开采、农业活动、钢铁行业和镀铬。通常采用几种物理和化学方法对废水进行重金属净化处理。这些方法存在一些缺点，包括产生二次有毒污泥和高昂的运营成本。因此，需要开发一种经济高效且环保的方法，用于从污染区域去除重金属离子。生物方法通常被认为是环保且经济高效的。本综述聚焦于重金属污染、其毒性以及从污染场地去除重金属的环保方法。
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