Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Mar 1;39(4):107. doi: 10.1007/s11274-023-03539-x.
Laccases [E.C. 1.10.3.2, benzenediol:dioxygen oxidoreductase] can oxidize phenolic substances, e.g. di- and polyphenols, hydroxylated biaryls, aminophenols or aryldiamines. This large substrate spectrum is the basis for various reaction possibilities, which include depolymerization and polymerization reactions, but also the coupling of different substance classes. To catalyze these reactions, laccases demand only atmospheric oxygen and no depletive cofactors. The utilization of mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions such as room temperature, atmospheric pressure, and the avoidance of organic solvents makes the laccase-mediated reaction a valuable tool in green chemistry for the synthesis of biologically active compounds such as antimicrobial substances. In particular, the production of novel antibiotics becomes vital due to the evolution of antibiotic resistances amongst bacteria and fungi. Therefore, laccase-mediated homo- and heteromolecular coupling reactions result in derivatized or newly synthesized antibiotics. The coupling or derivatization of biologically active compounds or its basic structures may allow the development of novel pharmaceuticals, as well as the improvement of efficacy or tolerability of an already applied drug. Furthermore, by the laccase-mediated coupling of two different active substances a synergistic effect may be possible. However, the coupling of compounds that have no described efficacy can lead to biologically active substances by means of laccase. The review summarizes laccase-mediated reactions for the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds valuable for medical purposes. In particular, reactions with two different reaction partners were shown in detail. In addition, studies with in vitro and in vivo experimental data for the confirmation of the antibacterial and/or antifungal efficacy of the products, synthesized with laccase, were of special interest. Analyses of the structure-activity relationship confirm the great potential of the novel compounds. These substances may represent not only a value for pharmaceutical and chemical industry, but also for other industries due to a possible functionalization of surfaces such as wood or textiles.
漆酶 [E.C. 1.10.3.2，邻苯二酚：双加氧酶] 可以氧化酚类物质，例如二酚和多酚、羟基联苯、氨基酚或芳基二胺。这种广泛的底物谱是各种反应可能性的基础，包括解聚和聚合反应，但也包括不同物质类别的偶联。为了催化这些反应，漆酶只需要大气中的氧气，而不需要消耗性辅助因子。温和且环保的反应条件（例如室温、大气压和避免有机溶剂）的利用使得漆酶介导的反应成为绿色化学中合成具有生物活性的化合物（如抗菌物质）的有价值的工具。特别是，由于细菌和真菌对抗生素的耐药性不断进化，新型抗生素的生产变得至关重要。因此，漆酶介导的同分子和异分子偶联反应导致衍生或新合成的抗生素。生物活性化合物或其基本结构的偶联或衍生化可能会开发出新型药物，并提高已应用药物的疗效或耐受性。此外，通过漆酶介导的两种不同活性物质的偶联可能会产生协同作用。然而，通过漆酶将没有描述功效的化合物偶联可能会产生具有生物活性的物质。该综述总结了用于合成具有医学价值的抗菌化合物的漆酶介导反应。特别是，详细展示了具有两个不同反应伙伴的反应。此外，具有体外和体内实验数据的研究对于确认用漆酶合成的产物的抗菌和/或抗真菌功效也特别感兴趣。结构-活性关系的分析证实了这些新型化合物的巨大潜力。这些物质不仅可能对制药和化学工业具有价值，而且由于木材或纺织品等表面的可能功能化，它们也可能对其他行业具有价值。
