Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Microb Cell Fact. 2008 Nov 20;7:32. doi: 10.1186/1475-2859-7-32.
Laccases are multi-copper containing oxidases (EC 1.10.3.2), widely distributed in fungi, higher plants and bacteria. Laccase catalyses the oxidation of phenols, polyphenols and anilines by one-electron abstraction, with the concomitant reduction of oxygen to water in a four-electron transfer process. In the presence of small redox mediators, laccase offers a broader repertory of oxidations including non-phenolic substrates. Hence, fungal laccases are considered as ideal green catalysts of great biotechnological impact due to their few requirements (they only require air, and they produce water as the only by-product) and their broad substrate specificity, including direct bioelectrocatalysis.Thus, laccases and/or laccase-mediator systems find potential applications in bioremediation, paper pulp bleaching, finishing of textiles, bio-fuel cells and more. Significantly, laccases can be used in organic synthesis, as they can perform exquisite transformations ranging from the oxidation of functional groups to the heteromolecular coupling for production of new antibiotics derivatives, or the catalysis of key steps in the synthesis of complex natural products. In this review, the application of fungal laccases and their engineering by rational design and directed evolution for organic synthesis purposes are discussed.
漆酶是一种多铜含氧化酶（EC 1.10.3.2），广泛存在于真菌、高等植物和细菌中。漆酶通过单电子抽提催化酚类、多酚类和苯胺类物质的氧化，同时在四电子转移过程中伴随氧气还原为水。在小分子氧化还原介体的存在下，漆酶提供了更广泛的氧化反应谱，包括非酚类底物。因此，真菌漆酶因其需求较少（仅需空气，且只产生水作为唯一的副产物）、广泛的底物特异性（包括直接生物电化学催化），被认为是理想的绿色生物催化剂，具有重要的生物技术影响力。因此，漆酶和/或漆酶-介体系统在生物修复、纸浆漂白、纺织品整理、生物燃料电池等方面具有潜在的应用。值得注意的是，漆酶可用于有机合成，因为它们可以进行从官能团氧化到杂分子偶联以生产新抗生素衍生物的精细转化，或催化复杂天然产物合成中的关键步骤。在本文综述中，讨论了真菌漆酶的应用及其通过合理设计和定向进化进行工程化修饰，以用于有机合成的目的。
