Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Apr;30(17):48686-48702. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26098-y. Epub 2023 Mar 1.
The human monkeypox virus (MPXV) was first identified in 1959. Since then, the incidence of the disease has been sporadic. The endemic regions were identified in Africa's central and western areas. However, the infection started to spread in 2017 to non-endemic regions such as North and South America, Europe, and Asia. Since May 2022, the non-endemic areas reported 62,635 till 20th September 2022. Although the monkeypox virus has a mortality of ≥ 10%, it showed only 82 mortalities worldwide in 2022. The common symptoms include chills, fever, fatigue, and skin lesions, and the complications include secondary respiratory tract infections, encephalitis, blindness, and severe diarrhea. The factors responsible for spreading the virus include improper handling and consumption of infected bushmeat, unprotected sexual intercourse, contact with an infected person, no smallpox vaccination, improper hygiene, lower diagnostic capacity, and strong travel history from the endemic regions. The therapeutic strategy is symptom-based treatment and supportive care. Antivirals and vaccines such as Tecovirimat, Brincidofovir, Cidofovir, Imvamune, and ACAM2000 have shown promising results. The primary purpose of the review is to perform an epidemiological study and investigate the pathobiology, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and some associated complications of the monkeypox virus in 2022.
人类猴痘病毒（MPXV）于 1959 年首次被发现。自那时以来，该疾病的发病率一直呈散发性。流行地区被确定在非洲中部和西部地区。然而，自 2017 年以来，感染开始传播到非流行地区，如北美、南美、欧洲和亚洲。自 2022 年 5 月以来，非流行地区报告了截至 2022 年 9 月 20 日的 62635 例。尽管猴痘病毒的死亡率≥10%，但 2022 年全球仅报告了 82 例死亡。常见症状包括寒战、发热、疲劳和皮肤损伤，并发症包括继发性呼吸道感染、脑炎、失明和严重腹泻。导致病毒传播的因素包括对受感染的丛林肉的不当处理和食用、无保护的性行为、接触感染者、未接种天花疫苗、卫生条件不当、较低的诊断能力以及来自流行地区的强烈旅行史。治疗策略是基于症状的治疗和支持性护理。特考韦瑞、溴昔洛韦、西多福韦、Imvamune 和 ACAM2000 等抗病毒药物和疫苗已显示出有希望的结果。本次综述的主要目的是对 2022 年猴痘病毒的流行病学研究和调查其发病机制、诊断、预防、治疗和一些相关并发症。
