Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA.
Aeroacoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2023 Feb;153(2):867. doi: 10.1121/10.0016888.
It is hypothesized that sound quality metrics, particularly loudness, sharpness, tonality, impulsiveness, fluctuation strength, and roughness, could all be possible indicators of the reported annoyance to helicopter noise. To test this hypothesis, a psychoacoustic test was conducted in which subjects rated their annoyance levels to synthesized helicopter sounds. After controlling for loudness, a previous analysis using linear regression identified sharpness and tonality as important factors in predicting annoyance, followed by fluctuation strength. The current work focuses on multilevel regression techniques in which the regression slopes and intercepts are assumed to take on normal distributions across subjects. The importance of each metric is evaluated, and the variation of regression parameters among subjects is evaluated using simple models. Then more complete models are investigated, which include the combination of selected metrics and subject-specific effects. While the conclusions from linear regression analysis are affirmed by multilevel analysis, other important effects emerge. In particular, subject-specific intercepts are shown to be more important than subject-specific slopes. In addition, subject-specific slopes for fluctuation strength and sharpness are more important than for tonality. Using a multilevel framework, the relative importance of sound quality metrics is reexamined, and the potential for modeling human annoyance to helicopter noise based on sound quality metrics is explored.
人们假设，音质指标，特别是响度、尖锐度、音调、瞬态、波动强度和粗糙度，都可能是直升机噪声引起的听觉烦恼的指标。为了验证这一假设，进行了一项心理声学测试，让受试者对合成直升机声音的烦恼程度进行评分。在控制了响度之后，先前使用线性回归的分析表明，尖锐度和音调是预测烦恼的重要因素，其次是波动强度。目前的工作侧重于多层次回归技术，其中回归斜率和截距在受试者之间被假设为正态分布。评估每个指标的重要性，并使用简单的模型评估参数在受试者之间的变化。然后研究更完整的模型，包括选定指标和受试者特定效应的组合。虽然多层次分析证实了线性回归分析的结论，但也出现了其他重要的效应。特别是，与受试者特定斜率相比，受试者特定截距更为重要。此外，波动强度和尖锐度的受试者特定斜率比音调的更为重要。使用多层次框架，重新检查了音质指标的相对重要性，并探讨了基于音质指标对直升机噪声引起的人类烦恼进行建模的可能性。
