Regional diaphragm motion analysis via dynamic MRI.

Breathing-related movement analysis is important in the study of many disease processes. The analysis of diaphragmatic motion via thoracic imaging in particular is important in a variety of disorders. Compared to computed tomography (CT) and fluoroscopy, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) has several advantages, such as better soft tissue contrast, no ionizing radiation, and greater flexibility in selecting scanning planes. In this paper, we propose a novel method for full diaphragmatic motion analysis via free-breathing dMRI. Firstly, after 4D dMRI image construction in a cohort of 51 normal children, we manually delineated the diaphragm on sagittal plane dMRI images at end-inspiration and end-expiration. Then, 25 points were selected uniformly and homologously on each hemi-diaphragm surface. Based on the inferior-superior displacements of these 25 points between end-expiration (EE) and end-inspiration (EI) time points, we obtained their velocities. We then summarized 13 parameters from these velocities for each hemi-diaphragm to provide a quantitative regional analysis of diaphragmatic motion. We observed that the regional velocities of the right hemi-diaphragm were almost always statistically significantly greater than those of the left hemi-diaphragm in homologous locations. There was a significant difference for sagittal curvatures but not for coronal curvatures between the two hemi-diaphragms. Using this methodology, future larger scale prospective studies may be considered to confirm our findings in the normal state and to quantitatively assess regional diaphragmatic dysfunction when various disease conditions are present.