Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Institute of NBC Defence, PLA Army, Beijing, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Feb 13;14:1094685. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094685. eCollection 2023.
Various intractable inflammatory diseases caused by disorders of immune systems have pressed heavily on public health. Innate and adaptive immune cells as well as secreted cytokines and chemokines are commanders to mediate our immune systems. Therefore, restoring normal immunomodulatory responses of immune cells is crucial for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are nano-sized double-membraned vesicles acting as paracrine effectors of MSCs. MSC-EVs, containing a variety of therapeutic agents, have shown great potential in immune modulation. Herein, we discuss the novel regulatory functions of MSC-EVs from different sources in the activities of innate and adaptive immune cells like macrophages, granulocytes, mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and lymphocytes. Then, we summarize the latest clinical trials of MSC-EVs in inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we prospect the research trend of MSC-EVs in the field of immune modulation. Despite the fact that the research on the role of MSC-EVs in regulating immune cells is in infancy, this cell-free therapy based on MSC-EVs still offers a promising solution for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
各种由免疫系统紊乱引起的难治性炎症性疾病给公共健康带来了沉重的负担。先天免疫细胞和适应性免疫细胞以及分泌的细胞因子和趋化因子是调节我们免疫系统的指挥官。因此，恢复免疫细胞的正常免疫调节反应对于炎症性疾病的治疗至关重要。间充质干细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡（MSC-EVs）是一种纳米大小的双层囊泡，作为间充质干细胞的旁分泌效应物。MSC-EVs 含有多种治疗药物，在免疫调节方面显示出巨大的潜力。本文讨论了不同来源的 MSC-EVs 在先天免疫细胞和适应性免疫细胞（如巨噬细胞、粒细胞、肥大细胞、自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞、树突状细胞 (DC) 和淋巴细胞）的活性中的新的调节功能。然后，我们总结了 MSC-EVs 在炎症性疾病中的最新临床试验。此外，我们还展望了 MSC-EVs 在免疫调节领域的研究趋势。尽管 MSC-EVs 在调节免疫细胞中的作用的研究还处于起步阶段，但这种基于 MSC-EVs 的无细胞治疗方法仍然为炎症性疾病的治疗提供了一种很有前途的解决方案。
