School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Curr Microbiol. 2023 Mar 2;80(4):122. doi: 10.1007/s00284-023-03220-4.
β-Galactosidase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that possesses both hydrolytic and transgalactosylation properties and has several benefits and advantages in the food and dairy industries. The catalytic process of β-galactosidase involves the transfer of a sugar residue from a glycosyl donor to an acceptor via a double-displacement mechanism. Hydrolysis prevails when water acts as an acceptor, resulting in the production of lactose-free products. Transgalactosylation prevails when lactose acts as an acceptor, resulting in the production of prebiotic oligosaccharides. β-Galactosidase is also obtained from many sources including bacteria, yeast, fungi, plants, and animals. However, depending on the origin of the β-galactosidase, the monomer composition and their bonds may differ, thereby influencing their properties and prebiotic efficacy. Thus, the increasing demand for prebiotics in the food industry and the search for new oligosaccharides have compelled researchers to search for novel sources of β-galactosidase with diverse properties. In this review, we discuss the properties, catalytic mechanisms, various sources and lactose hydrolysis properties of β-galactosidase.
β-半乳糖苷酶是一种糖苷水解酶，具有水解和转半乳糖基两种特性，在食品和乳制品行业有许多益处和优势。β-半乳糖苷酶的催化过程涉及通过双置换机制将糖基供体上的糖残基转移到受体上。当水作为受体时，水解占优势，从而产生无乳糖产品。当乳糖作为受体时，转半乳糖基占优势，从而产生益生元低聚糖。β-半乳糖苷酶也可以从许多来源获得，包括细菌、酵母、真菌、植物和动物。然而，根据β-半乳糖苷酶的来源，其单体组成及其键可能不同，从而影响其性质和益生元功效。因此，食品工业对益生元的需求不断增加，以及对新的低聚糖的寻找，促使研究人员寻找具有不同性质的新型β-半乳糖苷酶来源。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了β-半乳糖苷酶的性质、催化机制、各种来源和乳糖水解性质。
