Behavioral Science Division, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at VA Boston Healthcare System.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco.
Health Psychol. 2023 Mar;42(3):172-181. doi: 10.1037/hea0001276.
To understand the association between psychosocial stressors and cardiovascular health by evaluating: (a) lifespan patterns of childhood and adulthood stressors in relation to hemodynamic acute stress reactivity and recovery and (b) the role of optimism in these associations.
Participants (n = 1,092, 56% women, 21% racial/ethnic minority, Mage = 56.2) were from the Midlife in the United States Study II Biomarker Project. Lifespan profiles of psychosocial stressor exposure (low lifespan exposure, high childhood only, high adulthood only, persistent exposure) were constructed from responses to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and a life events inventory. Optimism was measured with the Life Orientation Test-Revised. Hemodynamic acute stress reactivity to and recovery from cognitive stressors were assessed using a standardized laboratory protocol involving continuous measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS).
Compared with the low lifespan exposure group, the high childhood- and persistent-exposure groups showed lower BP reactivity, and to a lesser extent, slower BP recovery. Persistent exposure was also associated with slower BRS recovery. Optimism did not modify the association between stressor exposure and any hemodynamic acute stress responses. However, in exploratory analyses, greater stressor exposure across all developmental periods was indirectly associated with reduced BP acute stress reactivity and slower recovery via lower optimism levels.
Findings support childhood as a unique developmental period wherein high adversity exposure may exert an enduring influence on adulthood cardiovascular health by limiting individuals' capacity to cultivate psychosocial resources and altering hemodynamic responses to acute stressors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
通过评估以下内容来了解心理社会应激源与心血管健康之间的关联：（a）童年和成年期应激源的寿命模式与血液动力学急性应激反应和恢复的关系；（b）乐观在这些关联中的作用。
参与者（n=1092，56%为女性，21%为少数民族，Mage=56.2）来自美国中期研究 II 生物标志物项目。心理社会应激源暴露的寿命模式（低寿命暴露、高童年暴露、高成年暴露、持续暴露）是根据儿童创伤问卷和生活事件清单的回答构建的。乐观主义用生活取向测验修订版进行测量。使用标准化实验室方案评估认知应激源的血液动力学急性应激反应和恢复，该方案包括连续测量收缩压和舒张压（BP）和血压反射敏感性（BRS）。
与低寿命暴露组相比，高童年和持续暴露组的 BP 反应性较低，而 BP 恢复速度较慢。持续暴露也与 BRS 恢复较慢有关。乐观主义并没有改变应激源暴露与任何血液动力学急性应激反应之间的关系。然而，在探索性分析中，所有发育阶段的应激源暴露量越大，通过降低的乐观主义水平，与降低的 BP 急性应激反应和较慢的恢复间接相关。
研究结果支持儿童期是一个独特的发展阶段，在这个阶段，高逆境暴露可能通过限制个体培养心理社会资源的能力并改变对急性应激源的血液动力学反应，对成年期心血管健康产生持久影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
