Jiang Haiyan, Zhang Simei, Yao Xuecheng, Meng Lin, Lin Yaoyao, Guo Fanjia, Yang Dandan, Jin Mingjuan, Wang Jianbing, Tang Mengling, Chen Kun
Department of Public Health, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 May 20;874:162501. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162501. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
Physical function (PF), such as muscle strength, performing daily activities, has gradually declined with the increase of age, causing the occurrence of disability and diseases burden. Air pollution exposure and physical activity (PA) were both linked to PF. We aimed to explore the individual and joint effects of particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM) and PA on PF.
A total of 4537 participants and 12,011 observations aged ≥45 years old from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) cohort from 2011 to 2015 were included into the study. PF was assessed by a combined score of four tests, including grip strength, walking speed, sense of balance, and chair standing tests. Air pollution exposure data was from The ChinaHighAirPollutants (CHAP) dataset. The annual PM exposure for each individual was estimated based on county-level resident addresses. We estimated the volume of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by quoting metabolic equivalent (MET). Multivariate linear model was conducted for baseline analysis, and linear mixed model with random participant intercepts was constructed for cohort longitudinal analysis.
PM was negatively associated with PF, while PA was positively associated with PF in baseline analysis. In cohort longitudinal analysis, a 10 μg/m increase in PM was associated to a 0.025 point (95 % CI: -0.047, -0.003) decrease in PF score, and a 10-MET-h/week increase in PA was related to a 0.004 point (95 % CI: 0.001, 0.008) increase in PF score. The association between PM and PF decreased by increased PA intensity, and PA reversed the detrimental effects between PM and PF.
PA attenuated the association of air pollution with PF at both high and low levels of air pollution, implying that PA may be an effective behavior to reduce the adverse effects of poor air quality on PF.
身体功能（PF），如肌肉力量、进行日常活动的能力，会随着年龄增长而逐渐下降，导致残疾和疾病负担的发生。接触空气污染和身体活动（PA）都与PF有关。我们旨在探讨直径小于2.5微米的颗粒物（PM）和PA对PF的个体及联合影响。
本研究纳入了2011年至2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）队列中4537名年龄≥45岁的参与者及12011条观察数据。PF通过四项测试的综合得分进行评估，包括握力、步行速度、平衡感和从椅子上站起测试。空气污染暴露数据来自中国高空气污染物（CHAP）数据集。根据县级居民住址估算每个个体的年度PM暴露量。我们通过引用代谢当量（MET）来估算中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）的量。进行多变量线性模型用于基线分析，并构建带有随机参与者截距的线性混合模型用于队列纵向分析。
在基线分析中，PM与PF呈负相关，而PA与PF呈正相关。在队列纵向分析中，PM每增加10微克/立方米，PF得分降低0.025分（95%置信区间：-0.047，-0.003），PA每周增加10 MET-h与PF得分增加0.004分（95%置信区间：0.001，0.008）相关。随着PA强度增加，PM与PF之间的关联减弱，且PA逆转了PM与PF之间的有害影响。
无论空气污染水平高低，PA均减弱了空气污染与PF之间的关联，这意味着PA可能是一种有效行为，可减少空气质量差对PF的不利影响。
