Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, SVKM campus, Gate No.1, Vile Parle (west), Mumbai 400056, India.
J AOAC Int. 2023 May 3;106(3):534-557. doi: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad031.
Ivermectin is one of the first, safe, broad-spectrum avermectin class of antiparasitic agent, widely used to control parasitic growth in livestock. Ivermectin being highly lipophilic accumulates in fat tissues, causing its long-term existence in the body. Accordingly, ivermectin residues are observed in various animal products such as milk and meat presenting several health hazards. Therefore, monitoring of ivermectin residue levels in the various food products of animal origin is greatly important to ensure the safety of consumers. This review could be of significant importance in the area of ivermectin analytical method development studies.
In this context, objective of the present work is to provide a critical review of analytical methods in the literature for detection and quantification of ivermectin in pharmaceutical formulations, and biological materials including animal tissues.
The data from analysis of accessible literature within the time span of 1980 to 2022 was selected.
Several analytical methods based on HPLC-fluorescence detector, UV-diode array detector, HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS, and capillary electrophoresis techniques have been utilized for the simultaneous determination of ivermectin singly or in the presence of other drugs with realistic retention times. Several derivatization strategies were used to introduce a fluorophore followed by extraction into organic phase to remove the matrix interferences and enhance the sensitivity by pre-concentration. Methods such as HPLC linked to MS/MS were developed to lower the detection limit and quantification limit, with no requirement for derivatization.
More simple, selective, fast, sensitive, and green chemistry-oriented methods for ivermectin analysis need to be developed. Novel analytical devices based on pulsed electrochemical methods, voltammetry, and amperometry can be developed for real-time analysis of ivermectin, in addition to biosensors based on nanotechnology including quantum dots and nanoparticles, etc.
Various methods are described in the review including HPLC techniques with UV or visible spectrophotometric, fluorescence, and mass spectrometric detection, capillary electrophoresis, and immunological methods.
伊维菌素是最早的安全广谱阿维菌素类驱虫药之一，广泛用于控制家畜寄生虫的生长。伊维菌素具有高度的亲脂性，会积聚在脂肪组织中，因此在体内存在时间较长。因此，在各种动物产品如牛奶和肉中都观察到伊维菌素残留，存在多种健康危害。因此，监测动物源性食品中伊维菌素的残留水平对于确保消费者的安全非常重要。本综述对于伊维菌素分析方法的发展研究领域具有重要意义。
在这方面，本工作的目的是提供文献中关于伊维菌素在药物制剂和生物材料（包括动物组织）中检测和定量的分析方法的综述。
选择了 1980 年至 2022 年期间可获取文献中的数据进行分析。
利用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器、紫外-二极管阵列检测器、高效液相色谱-串联质谱（MS/MS）、超高效液相色谱-MS/MS 和毛细管电泳技术等多种分析方法，对伊维菌素进行了单一或与其他药物同时测定，具有实际保留时间。还使用了几种衍生化策略，在引入荧光团后进行提取到有机相，以去除基质干扰并通过预浓缩提高灵敏度。如 HPLC 与 MS/MS 联用等方法可降低检测限和定量限，且无需衍生化。
需要开发更简单、选择性更强、快速、灵敏和绿色化学导向的伊维菌素分析方法。除了基于纳米技术的生物传感器，如量子点和纳米颗粒等，还可以开发基于脉冲电化学方法、伏安法和电流法的新型分析仪器，用于实时分析伊维菌素。
本综述描述了各种方法，包括高效液相色谱技术，带有紫外或可见分光光度法、荧光和质谱检测、毛细管电泳和免疫学方法。
