Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2023 Oct;195(10):6392-6420. doi: 10.1007/s12010-023-04381-5. Epub 2023 Mar 3.
Public health is seriously jeopardized in developing countries due to poor sanitation and the presence of persistent pollutants in natural water bodies. Open dumping, wastewater discharge without proper treatment and atmospheric fallout of the organic and inorganic pollutants are the main causes behind the poor condition. Some of the pollutants pose a greater risk due to their toxicity and persistence. Such a class of pollutants are known as chemical contaminants of emerging concern (CECC), including antibiotics and drug residues, endocrine disruptors, pesticides and micro- and nano-plastics. Conventional treatment methods cannot treat them properly and are often associated with several disadvantages. However, the chronological development of techniques and materials for their treatment has exhibited graphene as an efficient candidate for environmental remediation. This current review considers the various graphene-based materials, their properties, advancement in synthesis methods with time and their detailed application in removing dyes, antibiotics and heavy metals. It has been discussed how graphene and its derivatives exhibit unique electronic, mechanical, structural and thermal properties. In this paper, the mechanism of adsorption and degradation using these graphene-based materials has also been discussed vividly. In addition to this, a bibliographic analysis was performed to identify the trend of research related to graphene and its derivatives in the adsorption and degradation of pollutants round the globe reflected by the publications. Therefore, this review can be instrumental in understanding the fact that further development of graphene-based materials and their mass production can provide a very effective and economical wastewater treatment method.
由于卫生条件差以及自然水体中存在持久性污染物，发展中国家的公共卫生受到严重威胁。露天倾倒、未经适当处理的废水排放以及有机和无机污染物的大气沉降是造成这种糟糕状况的主要原因。由于某些污染物的毒性和持久性，它们构成了更大的风险。这类污染物被称为新兴关注的化学污染物（CECC），包括抗生素和药物残留、内分泌干扰物、农药以及微塑料和纳米塑料。传统的处理方法无法妥善处理它们，而且通常存在多种缺点。然而，随着时间的推移，用于处理它们的技术和材料的发展，石墨烯已被证明是环境修复的有效候选材料。本综述考虑了各种基于石墨烯的材料，包括它们的性质、随时间推移的合成方法的进步以及它们在去除染料、抗生素和重金属方面的详细应用。讨论了石墨烯及其衍生物如何表现出独特的电子、机械、结构和热性能。本文还详细讨论了这些基于石墨烯的材料在吸附和降解污染物方面的吸附和降解机制。除此之外，还进行了文献分析，以确定全球范围内与石墨烯及其衍生物在污染物吸附和降解方面相关的研究趋势。因此，本综述可以帮助人们了解以下事实，即进一步开发基于石墨烯的材料及其大规模生产可以提供一种非常有效和经济的废水处理方法。
