Rodwell David, Bates Lyndel, Larue Grégoire S, Watson Barry, Haworth Narelle
Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation (AusHSI), School of Public Health and Social Work, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Faculty of Health, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice and Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University (GU), Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Australia.
J Safety Res. 2023 Feb;84:155-166. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.10.016. Epub 2022 Nov 1.
Many young drivers are involved in crashes due to speeding. Some studies have used the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) to explain the risky driving behavior of young people. However, many have measured PWM constructs in a manner inconsistent with its formulation. The PWM asserts that the social reaction pathway is underpinned by a heuristic comparison of oneself with a cognitive prototype of someone who engages in a risky behavior. This proposition has not been comprehensively examined and few PWM studies specifically examine social comparison. The current study investigates intentions, expectations, and willingness to speed by teen drivers using operationalizations of PWM constructs more aligned with their original conceptualizations. Additionally, the influence of dispositional social comparison tendency on the social reaction pathway is examined to further test the original propositions underpinning the PWM.
Two hundred and eleven independently driving adolescents completed an online survey including items measuring PWM constructs and social comparison tendency. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to investigate the influence of perceived vulnerability, descriptive and injunctive norms, and prototypes on speeding intentions, expectations, and willingness. A moderation analysis examined the effect of social comparison tendency on the association between prototype perceptions and willingness.
The regression models explained substantial amounts of variance in intentions (39%), expectations (49%), and willingness (30%) to speed. There was no evidence that social comparison tendency influences the relationship between prototypes and willingness.
The PWM is useful for predicting teenage risky driving. More studies should confirm that social comparison tendency does not moderate the social reaction pathway. However, there may be need for further theoretical development of the PWM.
The study suggests that it may be possible to develop interventions to reduce adolescent driver speeding based on manipulation of PWM constructs such as speeding driver prototypes.
许多年轻驾驶员因超速而卷入车祸。一些研究使用原型意愿模型（PWM）来解释年轻人的危险驾驶行为。然而，许多研究测量PWM结构的方式与其理论表述不一致。PWM认为，社会反应路径是基于个体将自己与从事危险行为的认知原型进行启发式比较。这一命题尚未得到全面检验，很少有PWM研究专门考察社会比较。本研究使用与PWM结构的原始概念更一致的操作化方法，调查青少年驾驶员超速的意图、期望和意愿。此外，还考察了特质性社会比较倾向对社会反应路径的影响，以进一步检验PWM的原始命题。
211名独立驾驶的青少年完成了一项在线调查，其中包括测量PWM结构和社会比较倾向的项目。采用分层多元回归分析来研究感知到的易感性、描述性和指令性规范以及原型对超速意图、期望和意愿的影响。进行调节分析以检验社会比较倾向对原型认知与意愿之间关联的影响。
回归模型解释了超速意图（39%）、期望（49%）和意愿（30%）中相当大比例的方差。没有证据表明社会比较倾向会影响原型与意愿之间的关系。
PWM有助于预测青少年的危险驾驶行为。更多研究应证实社会比较倾向不会调节社会反应路径。然而，可能需要对PWM进行进一步的理论发展。
该研究表明，基于对PWM结构（如超速驾驶员原型）的操控，有可能开发出减少青少年驾驶员超速的干预措施。
