Norouzi Zahra, Ghoochani Bahareh Zeynalzadeh, Kaveh Mohammad Hossein, Sokout Tahereh, Asadollahi Abdolrahim, Abyad Abdulrazzak
Department of Health Promotion and Gerontology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Oman Med J. 2023 Jan 31;38(1):e460. doi: 10.5001/omj.2023.39. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Older people have a fear of falling, which is far more difficult than falling itself. We measured the extent of this feeling using a short and valid Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) 7-item questionnaire for the aging community in Iran.
The present psychometric work deals with outlining the validation and translation of FES-I (short version) among 9117 Persian-speaking elderly people with a mean age of 70.2±8.3 years (54.1% female and 45.9% male) in July 2021. Investigations were performed on confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, and construct validity along with test-retest reliability, receiver operating characteristic analysis, inter-rater, and convergent validity.
72.4% of the subjects were living alone, 92.9% required support in activities of daily living, and 93.0% experienced falling in the past two years. A one-factor solution was assigned by exploratory factor analysis for FES-I. Thus, this model was proved by the confirmatory factor analysis with valid fit indices. Based on Cronbach's alpha, intra-cluster correlation coefficient, and McDonald's omega (≥ 0.80), internal consistency was confirmed. The exact cut-off value was represented by the receiver operating characteristic analysis for male/female and between with/without fear of falling among older samples with higher measures of specificity and sensitivity. Moreover, a significant effect of age, aging in place, loneliness, hospitalization rate, frailty, and sense of anxiety (effect size ≥ 0.80, ≤ 0.05) on fear of falls was detected using analysis of variance.
The psychometric properties of the original scale were preserved by the Persian version of FES-I seven items as a self-reported measure of fear of falling. It could be assuredly a measure in both community and clinical settings. The possible uses and limitations of the Iranian FES-I were also discussed.
老年人存在跌倒恐惧，这比跌倒本身要困难得多。我们使用一份简短且有效的国际跌倒效能量表（FES-I）7项问卷，对伊朗老年社区进行调查，以衡量这种感觉的程度。
本心理测量工作涉及在2021年7月对9117名平均年龄为70.2±8.3岁（女性占54.1%，男性占45.9%）的讲波斯语的老年人进行FES-I（简短版）的验证和翻译。对验证性因素分析、探索性因素分析、内部一致性、结构效度以及重测信度、接受者操作特征分析、评分者间信度和收敛效度进行了研究。
72.4%的受试者独自生活，92.9%在日常生活活动中需要帮助，93.0%在过去两年中经历过跌倒。探索性因素分析为FES-I指定了一个单因素解决方案。因此，该模型通过具有有效拟合指数的验证性因素分析得到了证实。基于克朗巴哈系数、组内相关系数和麦克唐纳欧米伽（≥0.80），确认了内部一致性。接受者操作特征分析确定了男性/女性以及老年样本中有/无跌倒恐惧之间的精确临界值，具有较高的特异性和敏感性。此外，使用方差分析检测到年龄、就地养老、孤独感、住院率、虚弱和焦虑感（效应大小≥0.80，P≤0.05）对跌倒恐惧有显著影响。
FES-I的波斯语版本保留了原量表的心理测量特性，作为一种自我报告的跌倒恐惧测量方法。它在社区和临床环境中都可以作为一种测量工具。还讨论了伊朗FES-I的可能用途和局限性。
