Vogel Oliver, Niederer Daniel, Vogt Lutz
Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2021 Oct 22;13:722799. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.722799. eCollection 2021.
The promotion of healthy aging is one of the major challenges for healthcare systems in current times. The present study investigates the effects of a standardized physical activity intervention for older adults on cognitive capacity, self-reported health, fear of falls, balance, leg strength and gait under consideration of movement biography, sleep duration, and current activity behavior. This single-blinded, randomized controlled trial included 49 community-dwelling older adults (36 women; 82.9 ± 4.5 years of age (Mean [M] ± SD); intervention group = 25; control group = 24). Movement biography, sleep duration, cognitive capacity, self-reported health status, and fear of falls were assessed by means of questionnaires. Leg strength, gait, and current activity levels were captured using a pressure plate, accelerometers, and conducting the functional-reach and chair-rising-test. The multicomponent intervention took place twice a week for 45 min and lasted 16 weeks. Sub-cohorts of different sleep duration were formed to distinguish between intervention effects and benefits of healthy sleep durations. Change scores were evaluated in univariate analyses of covariances (ANCOVAs) between groups and sub-cohorts of different sleep duration in both groups. Changes in cognitive capacity, self-reported health, fear of falls, balance, leg strength, and gait were investigated using the respective baseline values, movement biography, and current activity levels as covariates. Analysis was by intention-to-treat (ITT). We found sub-cohort differences in cognitive capacity change scores [ = 5.498, = 0.003, η = 0.287]. Effects on fear of falls [ = 12.961, = 0.001, η = 0.240] and balance change scores = 4.521, = 0.040, η = (0.099) were modified by the level of current activity. Effects on gait cadence were modified by the movement biography [ = 4.545; = 0.039, η = 0.100]. Unlike for functional outcomes, our multicomponent intervention in combination with adequate sleep duration appears to provide combinable beneficial effects for cognitive capacity in older adults. Trainability of gait, fear of falls, and flexibility seems to be affected by movement biography and current physical activity levels. This study was registered at the DRKS (German Clinical Trials Register) on November 11, 2020 with the corresponding trial number: DRKS00020472.
促进健康老龄化是当前医疗保健系统面临的主要挑战之一。本研究探讨了针对老年人的标准化体育活动干预对认知能力、自我报告的健康状况、跌倒恐惧、平衡能力、腿部力量和步态的影响，并考虑了运动经历、睡眠时间和当前活动行为。这项单盲随机对照试验纳入了49名社区居住的老年人（36名女性；年龄82.9±4.5岁（均值[M]±标准差）；干预组=25名；对照组=24名）。通过问卷调查评估运动经历、睡眠时间、认知能力、自我报告的健康状况和跌倒恐惧。使用压力板、加速度计并进行功能性伸展和从椅子上起身测试来测量腿部力量、步态和当前活动水平。多成分干预每周进行两次，每次45分钟，持续16周。形成不同睡眠时间的亚组以区分干预效果和健康睡眠时间的益处。在两组之间以及两组中不同睡眠时间的亚组的协方差单变量分析（ANCOVA）中评估变化分数。使用各自的基线值、运动经历和当前活动水平作为协变量，研究认知能力、自我报告的健康状况、跌倒恐惧、平衡能力、腿部力量和步态的变化。分析采用意向性分析（ITT）。我们发现认知能力变化分数存在亚组差异[F = 5.498，p = 0.003，η² = 0.287]。对跌倒恐惧的影响[F = 12.961，p = 0.001，η² = 0.240]和平衡变化分数[F = 4.521，p = 0.040，η² = 0.099]受当前活动水平的影响。对步态节奏的影响受运动经历的影响[F = 4.545；p = 0.039，η² = 0.100]。与功能结局不同，我们的多成分干预与充足的睡眠时间相结合似乎对老年人的认知能力具有综合有益影响。步态、跌倒恐惧和灵活性的可训练性似乎受运动经历和当前身体活动水平的影响。本研究于2020年11月11日在德国临床试验注册中心（DRKS）注册，相应的试验编号为：DRKS00020472。
