Mahajan Arpita, Verma Ranjana, Razdan Shayama K, Passey Jigyasa
Anatomy, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, IND.
Anatomy, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, IND.
Cureus. 2023 Feb 1;15(2):e34525. doi: 10.7759/cureus.34525. eCollection 2023 Feb.
Introduction The evidence regarding the anatomy of the infraorbital foramen in the Indian population is limited. It mainly focuses on its shape, size, and incidence in the Indian population. The current study aimed to evaluate morphometric parameters of infraorbital foramen that can help clinicians during surgery and procedures around it. Methods We evaluated 90 dry adult human hemi-skulls. The morphological parameters studied included the assessment of the shape of the infraorbital foramen, its horizontal and vertical diameters, and its relation to the teeth of the upper jaw. In addition, we measured the distance of the infraorbital foramen from the anterior nasal spine, nasion, infraorbital margin, and the lower extent of the alveolar margin. The length of the infraorbital canal till the inferior orbital fissure and the infraorbital groove and the infraorbital canal orientation angles in different planes were also measured. The measurement values were compared between the right and left side hemi-skulls. Results The oval-shaped infraorbital foramen was most commonly noticed. The mean vertical and transverse diameters were 3.8 mm and 2.6 mm, respectively, on the right side. The left side's mean vertical and transverse diameters were 3.9 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively. The most common location of infraorbital foramen was in line with the maxillary second premolar tooth. The distances of infraorbital foramen from the alveolar margin were 29.6 mm and 29 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The distances of the infraorbital foramen from the anterior nasal spine were 34.3 mm and 34.2 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The distances of infraorbital foramen from the nasion were 42.3 mm and 42.2 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The distances of infraorbital foramen from the inferior orbital margin were 5.8 mm and 6.2 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The distances between the inferior orbital margin and infraorbital groove were 12.7 mm and 12.7 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The distances between the inferior orbital margin and inferior orbital fissure were 27.5 mm and 27.1 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. The orientation angles of infraorbital foramen were 48.31° in the horizontal plane, 34.07° in the Frankfurt plane, and 14.4° in the parasagittal plane. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the location of the infraorbital foramen is difficult to standardize, considering the wide interindividual variations in the foramen relations. Further research should be performed to investigate the parameters related to the distance and orientation of the infraorbital foramen in relation to nearby bony landmarks that are least affected by individual variations in skull morphology.
关于印度人群眶下孔解剖结构的证据有限。其主要聚焦于眶下孔在印度人群中的形状、大小及发生率。本研究旨在评估眶下孔的形态计量学参数，以帮助临床医生在其周围进行手术及操作。
我们评估了90个干燥的成人人类半颅骨。研究的形态学参数包括眶下孔形状评估、其水平和垂直直径，以及它与上颌牙齿的关系。此外，我们测量了眶下孔到前鼻棘、鼻根、眶下缘和牙槽缘下缘的距离。还测量了眶下管直至眶下裂和眶下沟的长度以及眶下管在不同平面的定向角度。对左右半颅骨的测量值进行了比较。
最常观察到椭圆形的眶下孔。右侧眶下孔的平均垂直直径和横向直径分别为3.8毫米和2.6毫米。左侧的平均垂直直径和横向直径分别为3.9毫米和2.5毫米。眶下孔最常见的位置与上颌第二前磨牙对齐。眶下孔到牙槽缘的距离右侧和左侧分别为29.6毫米和29毫米。眶下孔到前鼻棘的距离右侧和左侧分别为34.3毫米和34.2毫米。眶下孔到鼻根的距离右侧和左侧分别为42.3毫米和42.2毫米。眶下孔到眶下缘的距离右侧和左侧分别为5.8毫米和6.2毫米。眶下缘与眶下沟之间的距离右侧和左侧分别为12.7毫米和12.7毫米。眶下缘与眶下裂之间的距离右侧和左侧分别为27.5毫米和27.1毫米。眶下孔在水平面的定向角度为48.31°，在法兰克福平面为34.07°，在矢状旁平面为14.4°。
我们的研究结果表明，考虑到眶下孔关系存在较大个体差异，其位置难以标准化。应进一步开展研究，以探究与眶下孔相对于附近骨标志的距离和定向相关的参数，这些参数受颅骨形态个体差异的影响最小。
