Davis Aaron P, Kiwuka Catherine, Faruk Aisyah, Mulumba John, Kalema James
Crops & Global Change, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom.
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, National Agricultural Research Organization, Entebbe, Uganda.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Feb 17;13:1057317. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1057317. eCollection 2022.
Uganda is a major global coffee exporter and home to key indigenous (wild) coffee resources. A comprehensive survey of Uganda's wild coffee species was undertaken more than 80 years ago (in 1938) and thus a contemporary evaluation is required, which is provided here. We enumerate four indigenous coffee species for Uganda: , , (var. ) and . Based on ground point data from various sources, survey of natural forests, and literature reviews we summarise taxonomy, geographical distribution, ecology, conservation, and basic climate characteristics, for each species. Using literature review and farm survey we also provide information on the prior and exiting uses of Uganda's wild coffee resources for coffee production. Three of the indigenous species (excluding ) represent useful genetic resources for coffee crop development (e.g. breeding, or selection), including: adaptation to a changing climate, pest and disease resistance, improved agronomic performance, and market differentiation. Indigenous has already been pivotal in the establishment and sustainability of the robusta coffee sector in Uganda and worldwide, and has further potential for the development of this crop species. var. (excelsa coffee) is emerging as a commercially viable coffee crop plant in its own right, and may offer substantial potential for lowland coffee farmers, i.e. in robusta coffee growing areas. It may also provide useful stock material for the grafting of robusta and Arabica coffee, and possibly other species. Preliminary conservation assessments indicate that var. and are at risk of extinction at the country-level (Uganda). Adequate protection of Uganda's humid forests, and thus its coffee natural capital, is identified as a conservation priority for Uganda and the coffee sector in general.
乌干达是全球主要的咖啡出口国，也是关键本土（野生）咖啡资源的所在地。80多年前（1938年）对乌干达的野生咖啡品种进行了全面调查，因此需要进行当代评估，本文即提供了这一评估。我们列举了乌干达的四种本土咖啡品种：、、（变种）和。基于来自各种来源的地面点位数据、天然林调查以及文献综述，我们总结了每个品种的分类学、地理分布、生态学、保护情况以及基本气候特征。通过文献综述和农场调查，我们还提供了乌干达野生咖啡资源在咖啡生产方面先前和现有的利用信息。其中三种本土品种（不包括）是咖啡作物发展的有用遗传资源（例如用于育种或选择），包括：适应气候变化、抗病虫害、改善农艺性能以及市场差异化。本土品种已经在乌干达乃至全球罗布斯塔咖啡产业的建立和可持续发展中发挥了关键作用，并且在该作物品种的发展方面还有进一步潜力。变种（埃塞尔萨咖啡）本身正成为一种具有商业可行性的咖啡作物，可能为低地咖啡种植者（即在罗布斯塔咖啡种植区）提供巨大潜力。它还可能为罗布斯塔和阿拉比卡咖啡以及可能的其他品种的嫁接提供有用的砧木材料。初步保护评估表明，变种和在国家层面（乌干达）面临灭绝风险。充分保护乌干达的湿润森林，进而保护其咖啡自然资本，被确定为乌干达乃至整个咖啡行业的保护重点。
