Matomäki Pekka, Heinonen Olli J, Nummela Ari, Laukkanen Jari, Auvinen Eero-Pekka, Pirkola Leena, Kyröläinen Heikki
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Front Physiol. 2023 Feb 16;14:1128111. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1128111. eCollection 2023.
This is one of the first intervention studies to examine how low- (LIT) and high-intensity endurance training (HIT) affect durability, defined as 'time of onset and magnitude of deterioration in physiological-profiling characteristics over time during prolonged exercise'. Sedentary and recreationally active men (n = 16) and women (n = 19) completed either LIT (average weekly training time 6.8 0.7 h) or HIT (1.6 0.2 h) cycling for 10 weeks. Durability was analyzed before and after the training period from three factors during 3-h cycling at 48% of pretraining maximal oxygen uptake (VO): 1) by the magnitude and 2) onset of drifts (i.e. gradual change in energy expenditure, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, ventilation, left ventricular ejection time, and stroke volume), 3) by the 'physiological strain', defined to be the absolute responses of heart rate and its variability, lactate, and rate of perceived exertion. When all three factors were averaged the durability was improved similarly (time x group = 0.42) in both groups (LIT: = 0.03, g = 0.49; HIT: = 0.01, g = 0.62). In the LIT group, magnitude of average of drifts and their onset did not reach statistically significance level of < 0.05 (magnitude: 7.7 6.8% vs. 6.3 6.0%, = 0.09, g = 0.27; onset: 106 57 min vs. 131 59 min, = 0.08, g = 0.58), while averaged physiological strain improved ( = 0.01, g = 0.60). In HIT, both magnitude and onset decreased (magnitude: 8.8 7.9% vs. 5.4 6.7%, = 0.03, g = 0.49; onset: 108 54 min vs. 137 57 min, = 0.03, g = 0.61), and physiological strain improved ( = 0.005, g = 0.78). VO increased only after HIT (time x group < 0.001, g = 1.51). Durability improved similarly by both LIT and HIT based on reduced physiological drifts, their postponed onsets, and changes in physiological strain. Despite durability enhanced among untrained people, a 10-week intervention did not alter drifts and their onsets in a large amount, even though it attenuated physiological strain.
这是首批探讨低强度（LIT）和高强度耐力训练（HIT）如何影响耐久性的干预研究之一，耐久性定义为“长时间运动过程中生理特征随时间的恶化起始时间和程度”。久坐不动和偶尔运动的男性（n = 16）及女性（n = 19）完成了为期10周的LIT（平均每周训练时间6.8±0.7小时）或HIT（1.6±0.2小时）自行车运动。在训练期前后，从以训练前最大摄氧量（VO）的48%进行3小时自行车运动时的三个因素分析耐久性：1）通过漂移的程度，2）漂移的起始时间（即能量消耗、心率、主观用力程度、通气、左心室射血时间和每搏输出量的逐渐变化），3）通过“生理应激”，定义为心率及其变异性、乳酸和主观用力程度的绝对反应。当对所有三个因素求平均值时，两组（LIT：P = 0.03，g = 0.49；HIT：P = 0.01，g = 0.62）的耐久性改善程度相似（时间×组间效应P = 0.42）。在LIT组中，平均漂移程度及其起始时间未达到P<0.05的统计学显著水平（程度：7.7±6.8%对6.3±6.0%，P = 0.09，g = 0.27；起始时间：106±57分钟对131±59分钟，P = 0.08，g = 0.58），而平均生理应激有所改善（P = 0.01，g = 0.60）。在HIT组中，程度和起始时间均下降（程度：8.8±7.9%对5.4±6.7%，P = 0.03，g = 0.49；起始时间：108±54分钟对137±57分钟，P = 0.03，g = 0.61），且生理应激得到改善（P = 0.005，g = 0.78）。VO仅在HIT后增加（时间×组间效应P<0.001，g = 1.51）。基于生理漂移的减少、其起始时间的推迟以及生理应激的变化，LIT和HIT对耐久性的改善程度相似。尽管未训练人群的耐久性有所提高，但为期10周的干预并未大量改变漂移及其起始时间，尽管它减轻了生理应激。
