Jones Andrew M, Kirby Brett S
Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Exeter, UK.
Nike Sport Research Lab, Nike Inc, Beaverton, Oregon, USA.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2025 Mar;35(3):e70032. doi: 10.1111/sms.70032.
Physiological resilience has recently been recognized as an additional factor that influences endurance exercise performance. It has thus been incorporated into a modified, contemporary version of "the Joyner model" which acknowledges that start-line values of V̇Omax, efficiency or economy, and metabolic thresholds are prone to deterioration, often with appreciable interindividual variability, during prolonged endurance exercise. The physiological underpinnings of resilience are elusive and sports physiologists are presently concerned with developing practical testing protocols which reflect an athlete's resilience characteristics. It is also important to consider why some athletes are more resilient than others and whether resilience can be enhanced-and, if so, which training programs or specific training sessions might stimulate its development. While data are scant, the available evidence suggests that training consistency and the accumulation of relatively large volumes of training over the longer-term (i.e., several years) might promote resilience. The inclusion of regular prolonged exercise sessions within a training program, especially when these include bouts of high-intensity exercise at race pace or above or a progressive increase in intensity in the face of developing fatigue, might also represent an effective means of enhancing resilience. Finally, resistance training, especially heavy strength and plyometric training, appears to have positive effects on resilience. Considerations of training for resilience, alongside other more established physiological determinants of performance, will likely be important in the long-term development of successful endurance athletes.
生理恢复力最近被认为是影响耐力运动表现的一个额外因素。因此，它已被纳入“乔伊纳模型”的一个经过修改的现代版本，该模型承认，在长时间耐力运动期间，最大摄氧量、效率或经济性以及代谢阈值的起始值容易下降，个体间差异往往相当大。恢复力的生理基础尚不清楚，运动生理学家目前关注的是制定反映运动员恢复力特征的实际测试方案。考虑为什么一些运动员比其他运动员更具恢复力，以及恢复力是否可以提高——如果可以，哪些训练计划或特定训练课程可能刺激其发展也很重要。虽然数据很少，但现有证据表明，训练的一致性以及长期（即数年）积累相对大量的训练可能会促进恢复力。在训练计划中纳入定期的长时间运动课程，特别是当这些课程包括以比赛速度或更高速度进行的高强度运动回合，或者在疲劳加剧时强度逐渐增加时，也可能是增强恢复力的有效方法。最后，阻力训练，尤其是大重量力量训练和增强式训练，似乎对恢复力有积极影响。在成功的耐力运动员的长期发展中，考虑恢复力训练以及其他更成熟的运动表现生理决定因素可能很重要。
