Krüger Melanie, Lux Vanessa
Institute of Sports Science, Faculty of Humanities, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Department of Genetic Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2023 Feb 16;17:1083200. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1083200. eCollection 2023.
Humans are capable to skillfully perform a huge variety of complex movements seemingly effortless and to flexibly adjust movement execution to ever-changing environmental conditions, often without apparent differences in the movement outcome. This impressive ability has sparked scientific interest in the mechanisms underlying movement execution for decades. In this perspective article, we argue that investigating the processes and mechanisms leading to failure of motor functions is a fruitful approach to advance the field of human motor neuroscience and beyond. The study of failure of motor function in specific populations (patient groups, skilled experts) has already provided tremendous insight in the systemic characteristics and multi-level functional dependencies of movement execution. However, particularly the transient failure of function in everyday motor actions remains a blind spot. Coming from the perspective of Developmental Embodiment Research, we argue that the integration of a developmental embodiment and lifespan perspective with existing systemic and multi-level methodological approaches of failure of function analyses provides an integrative, interdisciplinary framework, which will allow us to overcome this shortcoming. We further suggest that stress-induced failure of motor function situations might represent a promising starting point for this endeavor. Identifying the involved cross-level functional dependencies of acute and chronic stress on transient and persistent motor functioning would further advance our knowledge on the mechanisms underlying movement execution, and would allow to identify targets for intervention and prevention across the whole spectrum of motor function and failure.
人类能够看似毫不费力地熟练执行各种各样的复杂动作，并根据不断变化的环境条件灵活调整动作执行，而且动作结果往往没有明显差异。几十年来，这种令人印象深刻的能力激发了科学界对动作执行背后机制的兴趣。在这篇观点文章中，我们认为研究导致运动功能失败的过程和机制是推动人类运动神经科学及其他领域发展的富有成效的方法。对特定人群（患者群体、熟练专家）运动功能失败的研究已经为运动执行的系统特征和多层次功能依赖性提供了巨大的见解。然而，日常运动行为中功能的短暂失败仍然是一个盲点。从发展性具身研究的角度来看，我们认为将发展性具身和生命周期视角与现有的功能失败分析的系统和多层次方法相结合，提供了一个综合的跨学科框架，这将使我们能够克服这一缺点。我们进一步认为，压力诱导的运动功能失败情况可能是这一努力的一个有希望的起点。确定急性和慢性压力对短暂和持续运动功能的相关跨层次功能依赖性，将进一步推进我们对运动执行背后机制的认识，并有助于确定整个运动功能和失败范围内的干预和预防目标。
