Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
Biochem Genet. 2023 Oct;61(5):1867-1879. doi: 10.1007/s10528-023-10357-1. Epub 2023 Mar 6.
Target-site resistance (TSR) and non-target-site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides in arable weeds are increasing rapidly all over the world and threatening universal food safety. Resistance to herbicides that inhibit ACCase activity has been identified in wild oat. In this study, expression of ACC1, ACC2, CYP71R4 and CYP81B1 genes under herbicide stress conditions were studied in two TSR (resistant in the residue Ile1781-Leu and Ile2041-Asn of ACCase) biotypes, two NTSR biotypes and one susceptible biotype of A. ludoviciana for the first time. Treated and untreated biotypes with ACCase-inhibitor clodinafop propargyl herbicide were sampled from the stem and leaf tissues at 24 h after treatment. Our results showed an increase in gene expression levels in different tissues of both types of resistance biotypes that occurred under herbicide treatment compared with non-herbicide treatment. In all samples, the expression levels of leaf tissue in all studied genes were higher than in stem tissue. The results of ACC gene expression showed that the expression level of ACC1 was significantly higher than that of ACC2. Also, expression levels of TSR biotypes were higher than NTSR biotypes for the ACC1 gene. For both CYP71R4 and CYP81B1 genes, the expression ratio increased significantly in TSR and NTSR biotypes in different tissues after herbicide treatment. In contrast, the expression levels of CYP genes in NTSR biotypes were higher than in TSR biotypes. Our results support the hypothesis that the reaction of plants to herbicide is carried out through a different regulation of genes, which can be the result of the interaction of resistance type in the target or non-target-site.
农田杂草对除草剂的靶标部位抗性（TSR）和非靶标部位抗性（NTSR）在全世界范围内迅速增加，威胁着全球食品安全。野燕麦中已发现对乙酰辅酶 A 羧化酶（ACCase）活性抑制剂的抗性。本研究首次研究了两种 TSR（ACCase 残基 Ile1781-Leu 和 Ile2041-Asn 处的抗性）生物型、两种 NTSR 生物型和一种敏感生物型的 A. ludoviciana 在除草剂胁迫条件下 ACC1、ACC2、CYP71R4 和 CYP81B1 基因的表达。用 ACCase 抑制剂 clodinafop propargyl 除草剂处理和未处理的生物型，在处理后 24 小时从茎和叶组织中取样。结果表明，与未用除草剂处理相比，两种抗性生物型在不同组织中的基因表达水平在除草剂处理下均升高。在所有样本中，研究基因的叶片组织表达水平均高于茎组织。ACC 基因表达结果表明，ACC1 的表达水平明显高于 ACC2。此外，ACC1 基因在 TSR 生物型中的表达水平高于 NTSR 生物型。对于 CYP71R4 和 CYP81B1 基因，在不同组织中，TSR 和 NTSR 生物型在用除草剂处理后，其表达比值均显著增加。相反，CYP 基因在 NTSR 生物型中的表达水平高于 TSR 生物型。研究结果支持这样一种假设，即植物对除草剂的反应是通过基因的不同调控来进行的，这可能是靶标部位或非靶标部位抗性相互作用的结果。
