Benakashani Fatemeh, Gonzalez-Andujar Jose L, Soltani Elias
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht 3391653755, Iran.
Department of Crop Protection, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Oct 30;10(11):2350. doi: 10.3390/plants10112350.
Herbicide resistance can affect seed germination and the optimal conditions required for seed germination, which in turn may impose a fitness cost in resistant populations. Winter wild oat [ L. ssp. (Durieu) Gillet and Magne] is a serious weed in cereal fields. In this study, the molecular basis of resistance to an ACCase herbicide, clodinafop-propargyl, in four biotypes was assessed. Germination differences between susceptible (S) and ACCase-resistant biotypes (WR, WR, WR, WR) and the effect of Isoleucine-1781-Leucine mutation on germination were also investigated through germination models. The results indicated that WR and WR were very highly resistant (RI > 214.22) to clodinafop-propargyl-contained Isoleucine to Leucine amino acid substitution. However, Isoleucine-1781-Leucine mutation was not detected in other very highly resistant biotypes. Germination studies indicated that resistant biotypes (in particular WR and WR) had higher base water potentials than the susceptible one. This shows that resistant biotypes need more soil water to initiate their germination. However, the hydrotime constant for germination was higher in resistant biotypes than in the susceptible one in most cases, showing faster germination in susceptible biotypes. ACCase-resistant biotypes containing the Isoleucine-1781-Leucine mutation had lower seed weight but used more seed reserve to produce seedlings. Hence, integrated management practices such as stale seedbed and implementing it at the right time could be used to take advantage of the differential soil water requirement and relatively late germination characteristics of ACCase-resistant biotypes.
抗除草剂特性会影响种子萌发以及种子萌发所需的最佳条件，进而可能给抗性种群带来适合度代价。野燕麦[L. ssp. (Durieu) Gillet和Magne]是谷类作物田中的一种恶性杂草。在本研究中，评估了四种生物型对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACCase）除草剂炔草酯的抗性分子基础。还通过萌发模型研究了敏感型（S）和ACCase抗性生物型（WR、WR、WR、WR）之间的萌发差异以及异亮氨酸-1781-亮氨酸突变对萌发的影响。结果表明，WR和WR对含有异亮氨酸到亮氨酸氨基酸替换的炔草酯具有极高抗性（抗性指数>214. .22）。然而，在其他极高抗性生物型中未检测到异亮氨酸-1781-亮氨酸突变。萌发研究表明，抗性生物型（特别是WR和WR）的基础水势高于敏感型。这表明抗性生物型需要更多土壤水分来启动萌发。然而，在大多数情况下，抗性生物型萌发的水分时间常数高于敏感型，表明敏感型生物型萌发更快。含有异亮氨酸-1781-亮氨酸突变的ACCase抗性生物型种子重量较低，但消耗更多种子储备来产生幼苗。因此，诸如苗床休闲等综合管理措施以及在合适时间实施该措施，可用于利用ACCase抗性生物型对土壤水分需求的差异和相对较晚萌发的特性。
