Moghtaderi Mozhgan, Mostafavi Sara, Hosseini Teshnizi Saeed, Mostafavi Ali, Ashraf Mohammad Ali
Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Tanaffos. 2022 Feb;21(2):186-192.
The outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is complicated by various comorbidities; asthma, a common chronic disease, may be considered one of these conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of asthma as a potential comorbid condition on the COVID-19 prognosis.
This retrospective study included all RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 cases recorded on the Shiraz health department's electronic database from January to May 2020. A questionnaire was designed to collect information about patients' demographics, their history of asthma and other comorbidities, and the severity of COVID-19 by contacting them by phone.
Of 3163 COVID-19 patients, 109 (3.4%) had self-reported asthma with a mean age of 42.7 ± 19.1 years. Most patients (98%) had mild-to-moderate asthma, while 2% had severe disease. Among asthmatic patients, fourteen (12.8%) were admitted to the hospital, and five (4.6%) died. Univariate logistic regression results showed that asthma had no significant effect on hospitalization (OR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.54-1.63) and mortality (OR 1.18, 95% CI: 0.48-2.94) in patients with COVID-19. Compared living and deceased patients with COVID-19, the pooled OR was 18.2 (95% CI: 7.3-40.1) for cancer, 13.5 (95% CI: 8.2-22.5) for age 40-70 years, 3.1 (95% CI: 2-4.8) for hypertension, 3.1 (95% CI: 1.8-5.3) for cardiac disease and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3-3.5) for diabetes mellitus.
This study showed that asthma is not associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Further studies are needed to investigate the risk of different asthma phenotypes on the severity of COVID-19 disease.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的病情会因各种合并症而变得复杂；哮喘作为一种常见的慢性病，可能是其中之一。本研究旨在调查哮喘作为一种潜在合并症对COVID-19预后的影响。
这项回顾性研究纳入了2020年1月至5月在设拉子卫生部门电子数据库中记录的所有经逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）确诊的COVID-19病例。设计了一份问卷，通过电话联系患者收集有关其人口统计学信息、哮喘病史和其他合并症以及COVID-19严重程度的信息。
在3163例COVID-19患者中，109例（3.4%）自述有哮喘，平均年龄为42.7±19.1岁。大多数患者（98%）患有轻度至中度哮喘，而2%患有重度疾病。在哮喘患者中，14例（12.8%）入院治疗，5例（4.6%）死亡。单因素逻辑回归结果显示，哮喘对COVID-19患者的住院治疗（比值比0.95，95%置信区间：0.54 - 1.63）和死亡率（比值比1.18，95%置信区间：0.48 - 2.94）没有显著影响。与COVID-19存活患者和死亡患者相比，癌症的合并比值比为18.2（95%置信区间：7.3 - 40.1），40 - 70岁年龄组为13.5（95%置信区间：8.2 - 22.5），高血压为3.1（95%置信区间：2 - 4.8），心脏病为3.1（95%置信区间：1.8 - 5.3），糖尿病为2.1（95%置信区间：1.3 - 3.5）。
本研究表明，哮喘与COVID-19患者住院和死亡风险增加无关。需要进一步研究来调查不同哮喘表型对COVID-19疾病严重程度的风险。
