Batch Crystallization of Xylitol by Cooling, Evaporative, and Antisolvent Crystallization.

Four different techniques for xylitol crystallization, namely cooling, evaporative, antisolvent, and combined antisolvent and cooling crystallization, were investigated regarding their influence on the product crystal properties. Various batch times and mixing intensities were studied, and the antisolvent used was ethanol. Real-time monitoring of the count rates of various chord length fractions and distributions using focused beam reflectance measurement was conducted. Several solid characterization methods were used for studying the crystal size and shape, such as scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction-based crystal size distribution analysis. Crystals ranging in size from 200 to 700 μm were obtained based on the analysis results by laser diffraction. The dynamic viscosity of saturated and undersaturated xylitol solution samples was measured; the density and refraction index were measured to determine the xylitol concentration in the mother liquor. Saturated xylitol solutions were found to have relatively high viscosities up to 129 mPa s in the studied temperature range. Viscosity can have a key role in crystallization kinetics, especially in cooling and evaporative crystallization. Mixing speed had a great influence, mainly on the secondary nucleation mechanism. The addition of ethanol decreased the viscosity, resulting in more uniform crystal shape and better filterability.