Hernandes-Lopes José, Yassitepe Juliana Erika de Carvalho Teixeira, Koltun Alessandra, Pauwels Laurens, Silva Viviane Cristina Heinzen da, Dante Ricardo Augusto, Gerhardt Isabel Rodrigues, Arruda Paulo
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Genet Mol Biol. 2023 Mar 3;46(1 Suppl 1):e20220217. doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2022-0217. eCollection 2023.
Recent advances in genome editing have enormously enhanced the effort to develop biotechnology crops for more sustainable food production. CRISPR/Cas, the most versatile genome-editing tool, has shown the potential to create genome modifications that range from gene knockout and gene expression pattern modulations to allele-specific changes in order to design superior genotypes harboring multiple improved agronomic traits. However, a frequent bottleneck is the delivery of CRISPR/Cas to crops that are less amenable to transformation and regeneration. Several technologies have recently been proposed to overcome transformation recalcitrance, including HI-Edit/IMGE and ectopic/transient expression of genes encoding morphogenic regulators. These technologies allow the eroding of the barriers that make crops inaccessible for genome editing. In this review, we discuss the advances in genome editing in crops with a particular focus on the use of technologies to improve complex traits such as water use efficiency, drought stress, and yield in maize.
基因组编辑领域的最新进展极大地推动了为实现更可持续的粮食生产而开发生物技术作物的努力。CRISPR/Cas作为最通用的基因组编辑工具，已展现出创造基因组修饰的潜力，这些修饰范围从基因敲除、基因表达模式调控到等位基因特异性改变，以设计出具有多种改良农艺性状的优良基因型。然而，一个常见的瓶颈是将CRISPR/Cas导入难以进行转化和再生的作物中。最近有人提出了几种技术来克服转化抗性，包括HI-Edit/IMGE以及编码形态发生调节因子的基因的异位/瞬时表达。这些技术能够消除使作物难以进行基因组编辑的障碍。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了作物基因组编辑方面的进展，特别关注利用技术来改善复杂性状，如玉米的水分利用效率、干旱胁迫和产量。
