Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
Inflammopharmacology. 2023 Oct;31(5):2493-2504. doi: 10.1007/s10787-023-01170-8. Epub 2023 Mar 8.
Phlomis olivieri Benth. is an aromatic plant endemic to Iran belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is used to treat pain, stomach ache and common cold in Iranian traditional medicine. P. olivieri also has valuable biological properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic ones. This was the first study designed to assess the quality, quantity and antimicrobial activity of Phlomis olivieri Benth. essential oil (POEO). Samples were randomly collected from flowering twigs of this species in three locations between Azeran and Kamoo in Kashan, Iran at peak flowering in June 2019. Water distillation extraction was used to obtain the POEO the quantity of which was calculated by weight. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was also used for POEO qualitative analysis, which revealed its chemical compounds and their percentages. Antimicrobial activity of POEO was also determined using the agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) were also measured using the broth microdilution method. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis showed that the POEO yield was ~ 0.2292% and its main chemical compounds included the sesquiterpenes germacrene D (26.43%), β-caryophyllene (20.72%), elixene (6.58%), β-trans-farnesene (6.17%), β-Cyclogermacrane (5.04%), germacrene B (4.73%), α-humulene (4.22%), and monoterpene α-pinene (3.22%). The agar diffusion method demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity of POEO (MIC ~ 14.50 mm) was against the Gram-positive species Streptococcus pyogenes. The POEO also showed the strongest inhibitory and lethal activity against the gram-negative bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC < 62.50 μg/mL) and S. paratyphi-A (MIC < 62.50 μg/mL and MBC = 125 μg/mL), and fungal species Candida albicans (MIC and MBC = 250 μg/mL) as compared to control-positive antibiotics. Therefore, POEO is a valuable natural alternative rich in sesquiterpenes with strong antimicrobial and antifungal activities against some fungal and bacterial strains. It can also be used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries.
Phlomis olivieri Benth. 是一种芳香植物，原产于伊朗，属于唇形科。它在伊朗传统医学中用于治疗疼痛、胃痛和普通感冒。Phlomis olivieri 还具有有价值的生物特性，包括抗氧化、抗菌和镇痛特性。这是第一项旨在评估 Phlomis olivieri Benth. 精油（POEO）的质量、数量和抗菌活性的研究。2019 年 6 月开花高峰期，在伊朗 Kashan 的 Azeran 和 Kamoo 之间的三个地点，从该物种的开花嫩枝上随机采集了样本。采用水蒸馏提取法获得 POEO，通过重量计算其数量。气相色谱-质谱联用（GC/MS）也用于 POEO 的定性分析，揭示了其化学化合物及其百分比。采用琼脂孔扩散法测定 POEO 的抗菌活性。也使用肉汤微量稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌/抑菌浓度（MBC/MFC）。定量和定性分析的结果表明，POEO 的产率约为 0.2292%，其主要化学成分为半萜烯 germacrene D（26.43%）、β-石竹烯（20.72%）、艾里烯（6.58%）、β-反式法呢烯（6.17%）、β-环高香叶烯（5.04%）、 germacrene B（4.73%）、α-葎草烯（4.22%）和单萜烯α-蒎烯（3.22%）。琼脂扩散法表明，POEO（MIC~14.50mm）对革兰氏阳性菌化脓链球菌的抗菌活性最高。POEO 对革兰氏阴性菌铜绿假单胞菌（MIC<62.50μg/mL）和伤寒沙门氏菌-A（MIC<62.50μg/mL 和 MBC=125μg/mL）以及真菌白色念珠菌（MIC 和 MBC=250μg/mL）的抑制和致死活性也最强，与对照阳性抗生素相比。因此，POEO 是一种具有价值的天然替代品，富含具有强抗菌和抗真菌活性的半萜烯，对一些真菌和细菌菌株具有抗菌和抗真菌活性。它还可用于制药、食品和化妆品行业。
