Demirlek Cemal, Bora Emre
Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia.
Schizophr Res. 2023 Apr;254:146-154. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.028. Epub 2023 Mar 7.
Sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment are both persistent and common features of schizophrenia. Accumulating evidence indicates that sleep-dependent memory consolidation might be impaired in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. The current systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes (Hedge's g). In the quantitative review, three separate meta-analyses were conducted for procedural memory in healthy controls, schizophrenia, and comparison between healthy controls and schizophrenia. Additionally, separate meta-analyses were conducted for the studies using finger tapping motor sequence task, as it is the most commonly used task. The current systematic review included 14 studies including 304 patients with schizophrenia and 209 healthy controls. The random-effects model analyses for sleep-dependent procedural memory consolidation resulted in a small effect size in schizophrenia (g = 0.26), a large effect size in healthy controls (g = 0.98), a moderate effect size in healthy controls vs schizophrenia (g = 0.64). For the studies using finger tapping motor sequence task, meta-analyses resulted in a small effect size in schizophrenia (g = 0.19), a large effect size in healthy controls (g = 1.07), a moderate effect size in healthy controls vs schizophrenia (g = 0.70). In the qualitative review, there was also impaired sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation in schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Current findings support that sleep improves memory consolidation in healthy adults, but there is a deficit in sleep-dependent memory consolidation in people with schizophrenia. Future studies investigating sleep-dependent consolidation of different memory subtypes with polysomnography in different stages of psychotic disorders are needed.
睡眠障碍和认知障碍都是精神分裂症持续且常见的特征。越来越多的证据表明，与健康对照相比，精神分裂症患者的睡眠依赖性记忆巩固可能受损。本系统评价按照PRISMA指南进行。采用随机效应模型计算效应量（Hedge's g）。在定量评价中，对健康对照、精神分裂症患者以及健康对照与精神分裂症患者之间的程序性记忆进行了三项独立的荟萃分析。此外，由于手指敲击运动序列任务是最常用的任务，因此对使用该任务的研究进行了单独的荟萃分析。本系统评价纳入了14项研究，包括304例精神分裂症患者和209例健康对照。对睡眠依赖性程序性记忆巩固的随机效应模型分析结果显示，精神分裂症患者的效应量较小（g = 0.26），健康对照的效应量较大（g = 0.98），健康对照与精神分裂症患者之间的效应量中等（g = 0.64）。对于使用手指敲击运动序列任务的研究，荟萃分析结果显示，精神分裂症患者的效应量较小（g = 0.19），健康对照的效应量较大（g = 1.07），健康对照与精神分裂症患者之间的效应量中等（g = 0.70）。在定性评价中，与健康对照相比，精神分裂症患者的睡眠依赖性陈述性记忆巩固也受损。目前的研究结果支持睡眠可改善健康成年人的记忆巩固，但精神分裂症患者存在睡眠依赖性记忆巩固缺陷。未来需要开展研究，利用多导睡眠图在精神障碍的不同阶段调查不同记忆亚型的睡眠依赖性巩固情况。
