Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jun 1;875:162555. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162555. Epub 2023 Mar 6.
Soil application of biosolids as an organic fertiliser continues to be a cost-effective way to beneficially utilise its carbon and nutrient contents to maintain soil fertility. However, ongoing concerns over microplastics and persistent organic contaminants means that land-application of biosolids has come under increased scrutiny. To identify a way forward for the ongoing future use of biosolids-derived fertilisers in agriculture, the current work presents a critical review of: (1) contaminants of concern in biosolids and how regulatory approaches can address these to enable on-going beneficial reuse, (2) nutrient contents and bioavailability in biosolids to understand agronomic potential, (3) developments in extractive technologies to preserve and recover nutrients from biosolids before destructive dissipation when the biosolids are thermally processed to deal with persistent contaminants of concern (e.g. microplastics), and (4) use of the recovered nutrients, and the biochar produced by thermal processing, in novel organomineral fertilisers that match specific equipment, crop and soil requirements of broad-acre cropping. Several challenges were identified and recommendations for prioritisation of future research and development are provided to enable safe beneficial reuse of biosolids-derived fertilisers. Opportunities include more efficient technologies to preserve, extract and reuse nutrients from sewage sludge and biosolids, and the production of organomineral fertiliser products with characteristics that enable reliable widespread use across broad-acre agriculture.
将生物固体作为有机肥料进行土壤施用，仍然是一种经济有效的利用其碳和营养成分来维持土壤肥力的方法。然而，人们对微塑料和持久性有机污染物的持续关注意味着，生物固体的土地施用受到了更多的审查。为了确定在农业中持续使用生物固体衍生肥料的未来方向，目前的工作对以下方面进行了批判性审查：（1）生物固体中的关注污染物以及监管方法如何解决这些问题以实现持续的有益再利用，（2）生物固体中的营养成分和生物可利用性，以了解农业潜力，（3）在生物固体进行热加工以处理关注的持久性污染物（例如微塑料）之前，从生物固体中保存和回收营养物质的提取技术的发展，以及（4）回收的营养物质和热加工生产的生物炭在新型有机-矿物肥料中的使用，这些肥料符合广泛农业中特定设备、作物和土壤的要求。确定了一些挑战，并为未来的研究和开发提供了优先排序的建议，以实现生物固体衍生肥料的安全有益再利用。机会包括更有效的技术来保存、提取和再利用污水污泥和生物固体中的营养物质，以及生产具有可确保在广泛农业中可靠广泛使用的特性的有机-矿物肥料产品。
