Department of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Dec 15;348:119266. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119266. Epub 2023 Oct 14.
The circular bio-based economy offers great untapped potential for the food industry as possible valuable products and energy can be recovered from food waste. This can promote more sustainable and resilient food systems in Europe in follow-up of the European Commission's Farm to Fork strategy and support the global transition to more sustainable agri-food systems with the common agricultural and fisheries policies. With its high nutrient content, waste and by-products originating from fish and seafood industry (including aquaculture) are one of the most promising candidates to produce alternative fertilising products which can play a crucial role to replace synthetic mineral fertilisers. Whereas several studies highlighted the opportunities to recover valuable compounds from fishery waste, study towards their potential for the production of fertilising products is still scarce. This study presents an extensive overview of the characteristics of fishery waste and by-products (i.e., fish processing waste, fish sludge, seafood waste/by-products), the state-of-the-art nutrient recovery technologies and recovered nutrients as fertilising products from these waste streams. The European Commission has already adopted a revised Fertilising Products Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 providing opportunities for fertilising products from various bio-based origins. In frame of this opportunity, we address the quality and safety aspects of the fishery waste-derived fertilising products under these criteria and highlight possible obstacles on their way to the market in the future. Considering its high nutrient content and vast abundance, fish sludge has a great potential but should be treated/refined before being applied to soil. In addition to the parameters currently regulated, it is crucial to consider the salinity levels of such fertilising products as well as the possible presence of other micropollutants especially microplastics to warrant their safe use in agriculture. The agronomic performance of fishery waste-derived fertilisers is also compiled and reported in the last section of this review paper, which in most cases perform equally to that of conventional synthetic fertilisers.
循环生物经济为食品工业提供了巨大的未开发潜力，因为可以从食品废物中回收有价值的产品和能源。这可以促进欧洲更可持续和有弹性的食品系统，跟进欧盟委员会的“从农场到餐桌”战略，并支持通过共同的农业和渔业政策向更可持续的农业食品系统全球转型。由于其高营养含量，鱼类和海鲜行业（包括水产养殖）产生的废物和副产品是生产替代肥料产品的最有前途的候选物之一，这些产品可以在取代合成矿物肥料方面发挥关键作用。虽然有几项研究强调了从渔业废物中回收有价值化合物的机会，但针对这些废物生产肥料产品的研究仍然很少。本研究广泛概述了渔业废物和副产品（即鱼加工废物、鱼污泥、海鲜废物/副产品）的特性、先进的营养物回收技术以及从这些废物流中回收的营养物作为肥料产品。欧盟委员会已经通过了经修订的《肥料产品法规》（EU）2019/1009，为各种生物基来源的肥料产品提供了机会。在这个机会框架内，我们根据这些标准解决了来自渔业废物的肥料产品的质量和安全方面的问题，并强调了它们在未来进入市场的道路上可能遇到的障碍。考虑到其高营养含量和丰富的数量，鱼污泥具有巨大的潜力，但在应用于土壤之前应进行处理/精制。除了目前受监管的参数外，还必须考虑这些肥料产品的盐分水平以及其他可能存在的微污染物（特别是微塑料），以确保它们在农业中的安全使用。本文最后一节还汇编并报告了渔业废物衍生肥料的农艺性能，在大多数情况下，它们的性能与传统合成肥料相当。
