Department of Health, Medicine and Care, General Practice, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Care, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023 Mar 8;23(1):121. doi: 10.1186/s12872-023-03134-w.
Despite improvements in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease since the 1960s, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases among young people has remained the same for many years. This study aimed to compare the clinical and psychosocial attributes of young persons affected by myocardial infarction under the age of 50 years compared to middle-aged myocardial infarction patients 51-65 years old.
Data from patients with a documented STEMI or NSTEMI elevated acute myocardial infarction in the age groups up to 65 years, were collected from cardiology clinics at three hospitals in southeast Sweden. The Stressheart study comprised a total of 213 acute myocardial infarction patients, of which n = 33 (15.5%) were under 50 years of age and n = 180 (84.5%) were middle-aged, (51-65 years). These acute myocardial infarction patients filled in a questionnaire at discharge from the hospital and further information through documentation of data in their medical records.
Blood pressure was significantly higher in young compared to middle-aged patients. For diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.003), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.028), and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.005). Young AMI patients had a higher (p = 0.030) body mass index (BMI) than the middle-aged. Young AMI patients were reported to be more stressed (p = 0.042), had more frequently experienced a serious life event the previous year (p = 0.029), and felt less energetic (p = 0.044) than middle-aged AMI patients.
This study revealed that persons under the age of 50 affected by acute myocardial infarction exhibit traditional cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure, and higher BMI, and were more exposed to some psychosocial risk factors. The risk profile of young persons under age 50 affected by AMI was in these respects more exaugurated than for middle-aged persons with AMI. This study underlines the importance of the early discovery of those at increased risk and encourages preventative actions to focus on both clinical and psychosocial risk factors.
尽管自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，心血管疾病的治疗和预防有所改善，但多年来，年轻人患心血管疾病的发病率一直保持不变。本研究旨在比较年龄在 50 岁以下的年轻人和年龄在 51-65 岁之间的中年心肌梗死患者的临床和心理社会特征。
从瑞典东南部三家医院的心脏病学诊所收集了年龄在 65 岁以下的 ST 段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）或非 ST 段抬高型心肌梗死（NSTEMI）患者的资料。Stressheart 研究共纳入 213 例急性心肌梗死患者，其中 33 例（15.5%）年龄在 50 岁以下，180 例（84.5%）年龄在 51-65 岁之间。这些急性心肌梗死患者在出院时填写了一份问卷，并通过查阅病历中的数据进一步提供信息。
与中年患者相比，年轻患者的血压明显升高。舒张压（p=0.003）、收缩压（p=0.028）和平均动脉压（p=0.005）均如此。年轻 AMI 患者的体重指数（BMI）（p=0.030）高于中年患者。年轻 AMI 患者报告压力更大（p=0.042），前一年经历严重生活事件的频率更高（p=0.029），精力不足（p=0.044）的感觉也比中年 AMI 患者更明显。
本研究表明，年龄在 50 岁以下的急性心肌梗死患者存在高血压和较高 BMI 等传统心血管危险因素，且更容易受到一些心理社会危险因素的影响。年龄在 50 岁以下的急性心肌梗死患者的风险状况在这些方面比中年急性心肌梗死患者更为明显。本研究强调了早期发现高危人群的重要性，并鼓励采取预防措施，既要关注临床风险因素，也要关注心理社会风险因素。
