Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
School of Agriculture and Environment and the UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
J Anim Sci. 2023 Jan 3;101. doi: 10.1093/jas/skad075.
Changes in body size and composition, i.e., body weight (BW) gain or loss, affect the daily energy expenditure (EE). To ensure an appropriate BW reduction and to find an efficient strategy to reduce and maintain a target BW, regular evaluations and adjustments of energy allowance are important. This study aimed to provide a detailed knowledge about the possible changes in resting EE using the oral 13C-bicarbonate technique (o13CBT) as a research tool in 16 overweight pet dogs undergoing BW reduction. Dietary composition (i.e., in % of dry matter [DM] being a high protein [33.3], low fat [9.6], and high crude fiber [18.0] diet [LFHFibre], and a high protein [37.9], high fat [52.0], carbohydrate-free diet [HFat]) during 16 wk of energy restriction were evaluated regarding effects on resting EE, rate of BW reduction, body composition, and plasma concentrations of metabolic hormones involved in energy metabolism and appetite regulation. The mean BW loss was higher (P < 0.05) for the dogs fed the LFHFibre diet (1.1%/wk) than that for dogs fed the HFat diet (0.8%/wk), but the total BW reduction of 14.6% and 12.0% of initial BW did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Resting EE was lower (P < 0.02) after the BW reduction; 414 kJ (99 kcal)/kg BW0.75/d at the start (week 0) and 326 kJ (78 kcal)/kg BW0.75/d at the end (week 16) of the study. The BW reduction in both groups (P > 0.05) consisted of both fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Energy expenditure, calculated in relation to amount of FFM, was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by BW reduction. Dietary composition did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) plasma concentrations of insulin, leptin, and ghrelin, and no effect (P > 0.05) of BW reduction was observed on hormone concentrations. In conclusion, the o13CBT proved to be a useful research method for studying short-term EE in overweight dogs. Even though all dogs lost BW, most dogs were still overweight at the end of the study. Due to a high individual variation among dogs, a longer experimental period with a larger sample size would be desirable.
体重大小和组成的变化，即体重（BW）增加或减少，会影响每日能量消耗（EE）。为了确保适当的 BW 减少，并找到一种有效的策略来减少和维持目标 BW，定期评估和调整能量允许量非常重要。本研究旨在使用口服 13C-重碳酸盐技术（o13CBT）作为研究工具，为 16 只超重宠物狗提供有关静息 EE 可能变化的详细知识，这些狗正在进行 BW 减少。在 16 周的能量限制期间，评估了饮食组成（即干物质[DM]中占比分别为高蛋白[33.3]、低脂肪[9.6]和高粗纤维[18.0]的饮食[LFHFibre]和高蛋白[37.9]、高脂肪[52.0]、无碳水化合物的饮食[HFat]）对静息 EE、BW 减少率、身体成分以及参与能量代谢和食欲调节的代谢激素的血浆浓度的影响。与喂食 HFat 饮食的狗相比（0.8%/wk），喂食 LFHFibre 饮食的狗的 BW 损失更高（P<0.05）；但 14.6%和 12.0%的初始 BW 总 BW 减少没有显著差异（P>0.05）。BW 减少后静息 EE 较低（P<0.02）；研究开始时（第 0 周）为 414 kJ（99 kcal）/kg BW0.75/d，研究结束时（第 16 周）为 326 kJ（78 kcal）/kg BW0.75/d。两组的 BW 减少（P>0.05）均包括脂肪量（FM）和去脂量（FFM）。与 FFM 量相关计算的能量消耗没有受到 BW 减少的显著影响（P>0.05）。饮食组成对胰岛素、瘦素和胃饥饿素的血浆浓度没有显著影响（P>0.05），BW 减少也没有观察到激素浓度的变化。总之，o13CBT 被证明是一种研究超重犬短期 EE 的有用研究方法。尽管所有狗都减轻了 BW，但在研究结束时，大多数狗仍超重。由于狗之间存在很大的个体差异，因此需要更长的实验时间和更大的样本量。
