Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2023 Mar 9;18(3):e0282641. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282641. eCollection 2023.
Although undernutrition in pregnancy has continued to get global attention as pregnancy is considered a critical period in the life cycle owed to increase the metabolic and physiological demands, evidence is scarce on undernutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed the undernutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected pregnant women in Haramaya district, eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, anthropometric measurement, and hemoglobin analysis by trained research assistants. An adjusted Prevalence ratio (aPR), and a 95% confidence interval (CI), were used to report associations. Poisson regression analysis model with a robust variance estimate identified variables associated with undernutrition. Data were double entered using Epi-data 3.1 and cleaned, coded, checked for missing and outliers, and analyzed using Stata 14 (College Station, Texas 77845 USA. Finally, the p-value <0.05 was the cut-off point for the significant association.
A total of 448 pregnant women with a mean age of 25.68 (± 5.16) were included in the study. The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 47.9% (95% CI: 43%-53%). From the analysis, the undernutrition was more likely higher among respondents who had five or more family members (APR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.02-1.40), lower dietary diversity (APR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.13-2.21) and those who were anemic (APR = 4.27; 95% CI = 3.17-5.76).
Nearly half of the pregnant women in study area were undernourished. High prevalence was found among women who had large family sizes, low dietary diversity and anemia during pregnancy. Improving dietary diversity, strengthening family planning services and giving special attention to pregnant women, supplementation of iron and folic acid, and early detection and treatment of anemia is essential to improve the high burden of undernutrition and the adverse effect on pregnant women and the fetus.
尽管孕期营养不良一直受到全球关注，因为孕期被认为是生命周期中的一个关键时期，需要增加代谢和生理需求，但在东非的埃塞俄比亚，关于孕妇营养不良及其相关因素的证据仍然很少。因此，本研究评估了哈勒尔亚拉地区孕妇的营养不良及其相关因素。
在哈勒尔亚拉地区进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究，随机选择了该地区的孕妇。数据通过面对面访谈、人体测量和由经过培训的研究助理进行的血红蛋白分析收集。使用调整后的患病率比 (aPR) 和 95%置信区间 (CI) 报告关联。泊松回归分析模型采用稳健方差估计确定与营养不良相关的变量。使用 Epi-data 3.1 双录入数据，清理、编码、检查缺失值和异常值，并使用 Stata 14（美国德克萨斯州大学城 77845 号）进行分析。最后，p 值<0.05 为显著关联的截止点。
共有 448 名平均年龄为 25.68（±5.16）岁的孕妇参与了研究。孕妇营养不良的患病率为 47.9%（95%CI：43%-53%）。分析结果表明，受访者中家庭成员人数在 5 人以上（aPR=1.19；95%CI：1.02-1.40）、膳食多样性较低（aPR=1.58；95%CI：1.13-2.21）和贫血（aPR=4.27；95%CI：3.17-5.76）的孕妇更有可能出现营养不良。
研究地区近一半的孕妇营养不良。在家庭规模较大、膳食多样性低和孕期贫血的妇女中，患病率较高。改善膳食多样性、加强计划生育服务、特别关注孕妇、补充铁和叶酸以及早期发现和治疗贫血，对于改善高营养不良负担和对孕妇及胎儿的不良影响至关重要。
