Zewdie Solomon, Fage Sagni Girma, Tura Abera Kenay, Weldegebreal Fitsum
Goro Dola Woreda Health Office, Guji Zone, Oromia Regional State, Goro Dola, Ethiopia.
School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Int J Womens Health. 2021 Jan 8;13:73-79. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S285132. eCollection 2021.
Maternal undernutrition rates in Ethiopia are among the highest in the world. In addition, a huge inequity exists within the country, with pregnant women in rural communities being at increased risk. This study assessed the prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among pregnant women in a rural community in southern Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 376 randomly selected pregnant women. Data were collected through face-to-face interview followed by mid-upper arm circumference measurement. Household food insecurity and minimum dietary diversity for women were assessed. Data were entered into EpiData 3.1 and exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. Logistic regression models were fitted to check associations between independent variables and undernutrition. Statistical significance was set at <0.05.
The prevalence of undernutrition was 41.2% (95% CI 36.3%-46.3%). Unintended pregnancy (AOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.27-3.36) and not participating in Wome's Health Development Army meetings (AOR 3.64, 95% CI 1.51-8.77) were independent predictors of undernutrition. However, minimum dietary diversity for women of five or more food groups (AOR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.82), having at least one antenatal care visit (AOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.27-0.78), age at first pregnancy ≥20 years (AOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21-0.76), and being from food-secure households (AOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.16-0.43) were independent protective factors against undernutrition.
Undernutrition among pregnant women was highly prevalent in the study area. Interventions aiming to reduce undernutrition should focus on discouraging teenage and unintended pregnancy, reducing household food insecurity, and promoting antenatal care visits and encouraging consumption of diversified diets by women. Strengthening the existing network of the Women's Health Development Army seems to be very important.
埃塞俄比亚的孕产妇营养不良率位居世界前列。此外，该国存在巨大的不平等现象，农村社区的孕妇面临更高的风险。本研究评估了埃塞俄比亚南部一个农村社区孕妇中营养不良的患病率及其相关因素。
对376名随机选取的孕妇进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。通过面对面访谈收集数据，随后测量上臂中部周长。评估了家庭粮食不安全状况和妇女的最低饮食多样性。数据录入EpiData 3.1并导出至SPSS 20进行分析。采用逻辑回归模型检验自变量与营养不良之间的关联。设定统计学显著性水平为<0.05。
营养不良的患病率为41.2%（95%置信区间36.3%-46.3%）。意外怀孕（调整后比值比2.06，95%置信区间1.27-3.36）和未参加妇女健康发展军会议（调整后比值比3.64，95%置信区间1.51-8.77）是营养不良的独立预测因素。然而,妇女食用五类或更多食物组的最低饮食多样性（调整后比值比0.24，95%置信区间0.07-0.82）、至少进行一次产前检查（调整后比值比0.46，95%置信区间0.27-0.78）、首次怀孕年龄≥20岁（调整后比值比0.39，95%置信区间0.21-0.76）以及来自粮食安全家庭（调整后比值比0.26，95%置信区间0.16-0.43）是预防营养不良的独立保护因素。
研究地区孕妇营养不良的情况非常普遍。旨在减少营养不良的干预措施应侧重于劝阻青少年怀孕和意外怀孕、减少家庭粮食不安全状况、促进产前检查以及鼓励妇女食用多样化饮食。加强妇女健康发展军的现有网络似乎非常重要。
