Fite Meseret Belete, Tura Abera Kenay, Yadeta Tesfaye Assebe, Oljira Lemessa, Roba Kedir Teji
Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
BMC Nutr. 2022 Jan 11;8(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s40795-021-00494-4.
Appropriate dietary practices in pregnancy are critical to meet the increased metabolic and physiological demands; however, information about dietary practices among pregnant women, particularly rural residents, is limited. The study aimed to assess the level of appropriate dietary practices and associated determinants among pregnant women in Haramaya District, eastern Ethiopia, 2021.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 448 pregnant women in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants, using a validated frequency questionnaire. The pregnant women were labeled as "appropriate dietary practice" when they consumed at least four meals daily, had a good food variety score, high dietary diversity score, and high consumption of animal source foods during the reference period. Otherwise, they were defined as "inappropriate." A Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation was used to investigate the association of the independent variables with the dietary practice. An adjusted prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval was reported to show an association using a p-value < 0.05.
The appropriate dietary practice among the study participants was 15.2% (95% CI = 12-18%). Of the respondents, 29.46, 37.5, and 24.7% had a high dietary diversity, high food variety score, and high consumption of animal source foods. The appropriate dietary practice was more prevalent among merchant women (APR = 2.07; 95% CI 1.07-4.02) and those whose husbands have at least a high school educational level (APR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.06-3.46). However, the prevalence of appropriate dietary practice was significantly lower among those who chewed khat (APR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.37-0.90) and among respondents who reported restriction of the intake of some foods (APR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.20-0.65).
We found sup-optimal appropriate dietary practice among pregnant women in this predominantly rural setting. Additionally, the lower appropriate dietary practice was observed among women who reported chewing khat and experienced restriction of dietary consumption during pregnancy. Therefore, nutrition policy programs and interventions aimed at encouraging maternal nutritional guidance and counseling are recommended.
孕期适当的饮食习惯对于满足增加的代谢和生理需求至关重要；然而，关于孕妇尤其是农村居民饮食习惯的信息有限。本研究旨在评估2021年埃塞俄比亚东部哈拉马亚区孕妇适当饮食习惯的水平及其相关决定因素。
在埃塞俄比亚东部哈拉马亚区的448名孕妇中开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。由经过培训的研究助理通过面对面访谈，使用经过验证的频率问卷收集数据。在参考期内，孕妇每天至少吃四餐、食物种类得分高、饮食多样性得分高且动物源食物摄入量高，则被标记为“饮食习惯适当”。否则，她们被定义为“饮食习惯不当”。使用具有稳健方差估计的泊松回归模型来研究自变量与饮食习惯之间的关联。报告了调整后的患病率比值及其95%置信区间，以显示p值<0.05时的关联。
研究参与者中适当饮食习惯的比例为15.2%（95%CI=12-18%）。在受访者中，29.46%、37.5%和24.7%的人饮食多样性高、食物种类得分高且动物源食物摄入量高。适当的饮食习惯在从事商业的女性中更为普遍（调整后患病率比值=2.07；95%CI 1.07-4.02），在其丈夫至少具有高中学历的女性中也是如此（调整后患病率比值=1.96；95%CI 1.06-3.46）。然而，在咀嚼恰特草的人群中（调整后患病率比值=0.58；95%CI 0.37-0.90）以及在报告限制某些食物摄入量的受访者中（调整后患病率比值=0.36；95%CI 0.20-0.65），适当饮食习惯的患病率显著较低。
在这个主要为农村的地区，我们发现孕妇的适当饮食习惯未达到最佳水平。此外，在报告咀嚼恰特草以及孕期饮食受限的女性中，适当饮食习惯的比例较低。因此，建议制定旨在鼓励孕产妇营养指导和咨询的营养政策计划及干预措施。
