Batmagnai Enkhbaatar, Boldbaatar Bazartseren, Sodbayasgalan Amarbayasgalan, Kato-Mori Yuko, Hagiwara Katsuro
Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia.
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Mar 1;13(5):891. doi: 10.3390/ani13050891.
Hepatitis E is a viral infectious disease in pigs, wild boars, cows, deer, rabbits, camels, and humans as hosts caused by . Recently, it has been detected in a wide variety of animals including domestic small ruminants. Mongolia is a land of nomadic people living with livestock such as sheep, goats, and cattle. Due to how Mongolian lifestyles have changed, pork has become popular and swine diseases have emerged. Among them, Hepatitis E disease has become a zoonotic infectious disease that needs to be addressed. The HEV problem in pigs is that infected pigs excrete the virus without showing clinical symptoms and it spreads into the environment. We attempted to detect HEV RNA in sheep which had been raised in Mongolia for a long time, and those animals living together with pigs in the same region currently. We also conducted a longitudinal analysis of HEV infection in pigs in the same area and found that they were infected with HEV of the same genotype and cluster. In this study, we examined 400 feces and 120 livers (pigs and sheep) by RT-PCR in Töv Province, Mongolia. HEV detection in fecal samples was 2% (4/200) in sheep and 15% (30/200) in pigs. The results of ORF2 sequence analysis of the HEV RT-PCR-positive pigs and sheep confirmed genotype 4 in both animals. The results suggest that HEV infection is widespread in both pigs and sheep and that urgent measures to prevent infection are needed. This case study points to the changing nature of infectious diseases associated with livestock farming. It will be necessary to reconsider livestock husbandry and public health issues based on these cases.
戊型肝炎是一种以猪、野猪、牛、鹿、兔、骆驼和人类为宿主的病毒性传染病。最近，在包括家养小反刍动物在内的多种动物中都检测到了这种病毒。蒙古是一个游牧民族与绵羊、山羊和牛等家畜共同生活的国家。由于蒙古人生活方式的改变，猪肉变得流行起来，猪病也随之出现。其中，戊型肝炎已成为一种需要解决的人畜共患传染病。猪的戊型肝炎问题在于，受感染的猪在不表现临床症状的情况下排出病毒，并传播到环境中。我们试图检测长期在蒙古饲养的绵羊以及目前与猪在同一地区共同生活的绵羊体内的戊型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（HEV RNA）。我们还对同一地区猪的戊型肝炎病毒感染情况进行了纵向分析，发现它们感染的是相同基因型和聚类的戊型肝炎病毒。在本研究中，我们在蒙古国中央省通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测了400份粪便样本和120份肝脏样本（猪和绵羊）。绵羊粪便样本中戊型肝炎病毒的检测率为2%（4/200），猪为15%（30/200）。对戊型肝炎病毒RT-PCR阳性的猪和绵羊的开放阅读框2（ORF2）序列分析结果证实，两种动物均为4型。结果表明，戊型肝炎病毒感染在猪和绵羊中都很普遍，需要采取紧急措施预防感染。该案例研究指出了与畜牧业相关的传染病性质的变化。有必要基于这些案例重新审视畜牧业和公共卫生问题。
