Department of Population Health Monitoring and Analysis, National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska Street, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 1;20(5):4402. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054402.
Effective lifestyle health promotion interventions require the identification of groups sharing similar behavioural risk factors (BRF) and socio-demographic characteristics. This study aimed to identify these subgroups in the Polish population and check whether local authorities' health programmes meet their needs. Population data came from a 2018 question survey on a random representative sample of 3000 inhabitants. Four groups were identified with the TwoStep cluster analysis method. One of them ("Multi-risk") differed from the others and the general population by a high prevalence of numerous BRF: 59% [95% confidence interval: 56-63%] of its members smoke, 35% [32-38%] have alcohol problems, 79% [76-82%] indulge in unhealthy food, 64% [60-67%] do not practice recreational physical activity, and 73% [70-76%] are overweight. This group, with an average age of 50, was characterised by an excess of males (81% [79-84%]) and people with basic vocational education (53% [50-57%]). In 2018, only 40 out of all 228 health programmes in Poland addressed BRF in adults; only 20 referred to more than one habit. Moreover, access to these programmes was limited by formal criteria. There were no programmes dedicated to the reduction of BRF exclusively. The local governments focused on improving access to health services rather than on a pro-health change in individual behaviours.
有效的生活方式健康促进干预措施需要确定具有相似行为风险因素（BRF）和社会人口特征的群体。本研究旨在确定波兰人群中的这些亚组，并检查地方当局的健康计划是否满足他们的需求。人口数据来自于 2018 年对随机抽取的 3000 名居民进行的一项问卷调查。采用两步聚类分析方法确定了四个群体。其中一个群体（“多风险”）与其他群体和普通人群的不同之处在于存在多种 BRF 的高患病率：其 59%（[95%置信区间：56-63%]）的成员吸烟，35%（[32-38%]）有饮酒问题，79%（[76-82%]）食用不健康食品，64%（[60-67%]）不进行娱乐性体育锻炼，73%（[70-76%]）超重。该群体的平均年龄为 50 岁，其特点是男性比例过高（81%[79-84%]），以及具有基本职业教育程度的人（53%[50-57%]）。2018 年，波兰所有 228 个健康计划中只有 40 个针对成年人的 BRF；只有 20 个计划涉及到一种以上的习惯。此外，获得这些计划的机会受到正式标准的限制。没有专门针对 BRF 减少的计划。地方政府注重改善获得卫生服务的机会，而不是在个人行为方面促进健康。
