十年来健康生活方式依从性的变化：WOBASZ 调查的结果。

Ten-year changes in adherence to a healthy lifestyle: the results of the WOBASZ surveys.

机构信息

Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland

出版信息

Pol Arch Intern Med. 2021 Feb 26;131(2):136-144. doi: 10.20452/pamw.15778. Epub 2021 Jan 25.

DOI:10.20452/pamw.15778

PMID:33491940

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

The evidence on the beneficial role of low‑risk characteristics is well established. However, data on trends in lifestyle patterns in Central Europe are limited.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this report was to determine changes in lifestyle patterns among adults in Poland between 2003 and 2014.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The study sample comprised 12 857 adults aged 20 to 74 years (5986 men and 6871 women) participating in 2 nationwide representative surveys, the WOBASZ (2003-2005) and WOBASZ II (2013-2014). Low‑risk characteristics included: nonsmoking, nonobese waist circumference, satisfactory physical activity, good-quality diet, and low saturated fat intake. The 5 characteristics cre‑ ated a lifestyle index ranging from 0 to 5. A poor lifestyle was defined as the lifestyle index from 0 to 1.

RESULTS

About 2% of the participants followed a healthy lifestyle, and 25%, a poor lifestyle in both surveys. The proportion of nonsmokers significantly increased (from 57.8% to 66.9% for men and from 72.6% to 77.1% for women). There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of nonobese waist circumference (from 75.4% to 71.3% among men and from 61.2% to 57.9% among women), adequate physical activity (from 37.5% to 27.5% among men and from 31.5% to 29% among women), and low saturated fat consumption (from 23.4% to 20.2% among men and from 26.1% to 23.7% among women). Lower educational attainment was the strongest sociodemographic factor contributing to a poor lifestyle (P <0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The ultimate goal for the healthcare system should be to implement more effective interventions focused on promoting healthy lifestyle as a whole.

摘要

简介

低风险特征的有益作用的证据已经得到充分证实。然而，关于中欧生活方式模式趋势的数据有限。

目的

本报告旨在确定波兰成年人在 2003 年至 2014 年间生活方式模式的变化。

患者和方法

研究样本包括参加了 2 次全国代表性调查的 12857 名年龄在 20 至 74 岁之间的成年人（5986 名男性和 6871 名女性），即 WOBASZ（2003-2005 年）和 WOBASZ II（2013-2014 年）。低风险特征包括：不吸烟、非肥胖腰围、适度的身体活动、良好的饮食质量和低饱和脂肪摄入量。这 5 种特征创建了一个生活方式指数，范围从 0 到 5。生活方式差定义为生活方式指数为 0 到 1。

结果

大约 2%的参与者遵循健康的生活方式，在两项调查中，25%的人生活方式较差。不吸烟者的比例显著增加（男性从 57.8%增加到 66.9%，女性从 72.6%增加到 77.1%）。非肥胖腰围的流行率显著下降（男性从 75.4%下降到 71.3%，女性从 61.2%下降到 57.9%），适度的身体活动（男性从 37.5%下降到 27.5%，女性从 31.5%下降到 29%）和低饱和脂肪摄入量（男性从 23.4%下降到 20.2%，女性从 26.1%下降到 23.7%）。较低的教育程度是导致生活方式较差的最强社会人口因素（P<0.001）。